Applying of a geochemical model on the Nubian sandstone aquifer in Siwa Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt

Gad, Mohamed; Dahab, Kamal; Moustapha, Moustapha E.

doi:10.1007/s12665-018-7580-6

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The geochemical characteristics of groundwater are essentially governed by recharging, aquifer metrics, contact time, and specific geochemical mechanisms such as dissolution, mineral solubility, and ion exchange processes [17][18][19][20]. Therefore, water quality management should be decided by a complete groundwater quality evaluation with respect to physicochemical features and variables influencing water quality [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia

Osta

Masoud

Alqarawy

et al. 2022

Water

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Water shortage and quality are major issues in many places, particularly arid and semi-arid regions such as Makkah Al-Mukarramah province, Saudi Arabia. The current work was conducted to examine the geochemical mechanisms influencing the chemistry of groundwater and assess groundwater resources through several water quality indices (WQIs), GIS methods, and the partial least squares regression model (PLSR). For that, 59 groundwater wells were tested for different physical and chemical parameters using conventional analytical procedures. The results showed that the average content of ions was as follows: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg 2+ > K+ and Cl− > SO42− > HCO32− > NO3− > CO3−. Under the stress of evaporation and saltwater intrusion associated with the reverse ion exchange process, the predominant hydrochemical facies were Ca-HCO3, Na-Cl, mixed Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4, and Na-Ca-HCO3. The drinking water quality index (DWQI) has indicated that only 5% of the wells were categorized under good to excellent for drinking while the majority (95%) were poor to unsuitable for drinking, and required appropriate treatment. Furthermore, the irrigation water quality index (IWQI) has indicated that 45.5% of the wells were classified under high to severe restriction for agriculture, and can be utilized only for high salt tolerant plants. The majority (54.5%) were deemed moderate to no restriction for irrigation, with no toxicity concern for most plants. Agriculture indicators such as total dissolved solids (TDS), potential salinity (PS), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) had mean values of 2572.30, 33.32, 4.84, and −21.14, respectively. However, the quality of the groundwater in the study area improves with increased rainfall and thus recharging the Quaternary aquifer. The PLSR models, which are based on physicochemical characteristics, have been shown to be the most efficient as alternative techniques for determining the six WQIs. For instance, the PLSR models of all IWQs had determination coefficients values of R2 ranging between 0.848 and 0.999 in the Cal., and between 0.848 and 0.999 in the Val. datasets, and had model accuracy varying from 0.824 to 0.999 in the Cal., and from 0.817 to 0.989 in the Val. datasets. In conclusion, the combination of physicochemical parameters, WQIs, and multivariate modeling with statistical analysis and GIS tools is a successful and adaptable methodology that provides a comprehensive picture of groundwater quality and governing mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia

Osta

Masoud

Alqarawy

et al. 2022

Water

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“…Freshwater (TDS < 1500 mg/l), brackish water (1500 to 5000 mg/l), and saline water (TDS > 5000 mg/l) are the three main kinds of total salinity, according to Chebotarev's categorization (Chebotarev, 1955a,b,c). The investigated aquifer's groundwater salinity (TDS) refers to brackish to saline water (Gad et al, 2018;Aly, 2015;Abo El-Fadl et al, 2015) with salinity contents varying from 3500 to 6500 mg/l (Fig. 19c).…”

Section: Spatial Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All samples are grouped and gathered in the alkaline water with principal sulphate with chloride domain and sodium with potassium domain, indicating that the groundwater samples correspond to the Na, K, Cl, and SO 4 facies, indicating the dominance of alkali over alkaline earth (Na + K > Ca + Mg) and strong acids over weak acids (Cl + SO 4 > HCO 3 ), according to piper's diamond field classifications. This is mostly attributed to the evaporation of gypsum and halite as ma-rine sediments related to Miocene limestone as aquifer material and/or the dissolving of halite and gypsum as marine deposits (Aly, 2015;Gad et al, 2018;Abo El-Fadl et al, 2015;El Hossary, 2013).…”

Section: Piper Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1), and the closest depression to SO, is considered as one of the desert areas that have no running canals or streams, furthermore, it is distinguished by a common hot climate that is described by the poverty of rains, high temperature, consequently over evaporation. Therefore, in all different fields, GO is essentially a typical arid region dependent on groundwater, in particular, brackish water that flows from the limestone fractured Miocene aquifer (shallow), distinguished as the source for farming of agricultural, manufacturing, and constructive improvement in the region (El Hossary, 2013;Abo El-Fadl et al, 2015;Aly, 2015;Gad et al, 2018;Aly, 2020). In the Gara and Siwa depressions, artesian wells from the upper shallow Miocene groundwater aquifer represent an established and conventional source of irrigation water (Aly et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogeochemical and geophysical investigations to delineate underground water aquifer in arid regions: A case study, Gara oasis, Egypt

NAZIH

Gobashy

Salem

et al. 2022

Contrib. Geophys. Geod.

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The goal of the present study is to investigate, delineate, and evaluate the shallow Miocene groundwater aquifer with vertical and lateral facies variations in the Gara oasis, western desert of Egypt. This oasis represents a typical arid region in North Africa. Through grid texture analysis, lineament detection, edge detection, thresholding, and identifying areas of structural complexity from the filtered residual reduced-to-pole magnetic anomaly map, it is possible to outline the fracture zones that principally control the groundwater aquifers and water flow in the area. The groundwater quality and quantity are examined hydro-geochemically through nine groundwater samples that were gathered from wells and springs distributed throughout the area around Gara Lake. Measurements of physio-chemical parameters (TDS, pH, and EC) are carried out and its spatial distribution is critically studied. The results reveal that the ion-exchange process caused by water-rock interaction is the dominant process. Furthermore, the main ions in the groundwater in the study areas were Na and Cl. This might be due to evaporation or halite dissolution with the upward flow of waters through the fractures from the deep aquifer of the Nubian sandstone to the shallow aquifer of the fractured Miocene limestone.

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“…Many studies were applied basically for evaluating and delineating the groundwater resources and implement a complete evaluation of the quality concerning groundwater using joint geophysical and geological methods within this region and other close regions of similar conditions, among them (Said, 1962(Said, & 1990Gindy and El Askary, 1969;Himida, 1970;El Shazly et al, 1976;Abdel-Mogheeth et al, 1996;Awad et al, 1995;Aly, 2001Aly, & 2007Rabeh, 2004;Aly et al, 2008Aly et al, & 2011Abo EL-Fadl et al, 2015;El Hossary, 2013;Hedia, 2015;Khalil et al, 2015;Aly, 2015;Aly et al, 2016;Farrag et al, 2016;Saleh et al, 2016;Farrag and Sediek, 2017;Salman et al, 2018;Gad et al, 2018;Abdel Zaher et al, 2018;Aly, 2020;Moghazy and Kaluarachchi, 2020;Abdel-Gawad et al, 2020). While particularly for Gara, a relatively few studies are carried out (Aly, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical studies to delineate groundwater aquifer in arid regions: A case study, Gara Oasis, Egypt

NAZIH

Gobashy

Araffa

et al. 2022

Contrib. Geophys. Geod.

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Groundwater is an important factor in establishing new urban communities, especially in coastal arid and semi-arid regions. Egypt is one of the world's driest countries, with hyper-arid territory accounting for 86% of the total area and arid and semi-arid terrain accounting for the rest. The present work aims to demonstrate the powerful integration of geophysical techniques to assess groundwater potentiality and suitability in Gara Oasis (GO), which describes a good example of Egypt's strategic southern extension of its arid north-western coast. Geophysical methods, including electrical resistivity and aeromagnetics, were used to evaluate groundwater resources. The study region reduced to pole total magnetic intensity map is subjected to digital filters that include derivatives, analytic signal, and tilt angle. The possible structures controlling the shallow and deep aquifers are delineated and integrated with geoelectric results. Moreover, two magnetic tomography sections are constructed to show the subsurface distribution of magnetic susceptibilities and formation boundaries. Ten vertical electric soundings (VESs) are measured and used in this study to construct four geoelectrical cross-sections. According to the results, Gara's commonly calculated subsurface resistivity model comprises six major resistivity layers. The 5th layer, in particular, is composed of Fractured dolomitic Limestone and represents a possible promising shallow aquifer. Moreover, as evidenced by various magnetic data filters, the shallow (Miocene carbonate) and deep (Nubian sandstone) aquifers are structurally controlled and regulated by a system of faults or contacts. These contacts trends NW–SE, E–W, and NE–SW as common trends emerged from the total derivative and tilt maps. Results suggest that the central part (N–S zone) together with the western side of Gara, have the most notable aquifer possibility demanded future improvement strategies.

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Applying of a geochemical model on the Nubian sandstone aquifer in Siwa Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia

Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia

Hydrogeochemical and geophysical investigations to delineate underground water aquifer in arid regions: A case study, Gara oasis, Egypt

Geophysical studies to delineate groundwater aquifer in arid regions: A case study, Gara Oasis, Egypt

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