Applying the Moving Epidemic Method to Establish the Influenza Epidemic Thresholds and Intensity Levels for Age-Specific Groups in Hubei Province, China

Jiang, Yuan; Tong, Yeqing; Fang, Bin; Zhang, Wenkang; Yu, Xue‐Jie

doi:10.3390/ijerph19031677

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…The seasonal pattern was consistent with the results of other studies. 3 6 8 22 The highest incidence was observed in January 2019, which was also seen in other southern provinces of China, 27 28 relating to the temperature, humidity, economic and social activities and personal immunity at that time. We also found that the different seasonal trend among age groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia among children under 5 years in Suzhou, China: a hospital-based cohort study

Qian,

Chen,

Lin

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesTo depict the seasonality and age variations of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) incidence in the context of the COVID-19 impact.DesignRetrospective cohort study.ParticipantsThe observational cohort study was conducted at Soochow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital from January 2017 to June 2021 and involved 132 797 children born in 2017 or 2018. They were followed and identified CAP episodes by screening on the Health Information Systems of outpatients and inpatients in the same hospital.OutcomeThe CAP episodes were defined when the diagnoses coded as J09–J18 or J20–J22. The incidence of CAP was estimated stratified by age, sex, birth year, health status group, season and month, and the rate ratio was calculated and adjusted by a quasi-Poisson regression model. Stratified analysis of incidence of CAP by birth month was conducted to understand the age and seasonal variation.ResultsThe overall incidence of CAP among children aged ≤5 years was 130.08 per 1000 person years. Children aged ≤24 months have a higher CAP incidence than those aged >24 months (176.84 vs 72.04 per 1000 person years, p<0.001). The CAP incidence increased from October, peaked at December and January and the highest CAP incidence was observed in winter (206.7 per 1000 person years, 95% CI 204.12 to 209.28). A substantial decline of CAP incidence was observed during the COVID-19 lockdown from February to August 2020, and began to rise again when the communities reopened.ConclusionsThe burden of CAP among children is considerable. The incidence of CAP among children ≤5 years varied by age and season and decreased during COVID-19 lockdown.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia among children under 5 years in Suzhou, China: a hospital-based cohort study

Qian,

Chen,

Lin

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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Molecular epidemiology and vaccine compatibility analysis of seasonal influenza A viruses in the context of COVID‐19 epidemic in Wuhan, China

Zeng,

Jia,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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The COVID‐19 pandemic had a significant impact on the global influenza vaccination and the epidemics of seasonal influenza. To further explore the molecular epidemiology of influenza viruses and assess vaccine effectiveness, we collected influenza cases in Wuhan during the 2022–2023 influenza season. Among 1312 clinical samples, 312 samples tested positive for influenza viruses using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. These positive samples included 146A/H1N1 subtypes (46.8%), 164A/H3N2 subtypes (52.6%) and 2 influenza B virus types (0.6%). Based on the whole genome sequence information of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) from 27A/H1N1 influenza virus strains and 26A/H3N2 influenza virus strains obtained in this study, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted. The analysis revealed that all A/H1N1 strains belonged to the evolutionary branch 6B.1A.5a.2a, and they exhibited specific substitutions at positions K71Q, Q206E, E241A, and R276K. Similarly, all A/H3N2 strains were classified into the 3C.2a1b.2a.1a subclade and displayed amino acid substitutions at positions S172H, N175Y, I176T, K187N, and S214P. Notably, the A/H3N2 strains also acquired a new potential glycosylation site at position N174. Using an epitope model, the predicted vaccine effectiveness was assessed for the A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 strains. The predicted vaccine effectiveness against the Wuhan influenza epidemic strain was over 85% for the A/H1N1 vaccine strain. However, the effectiveness against the A/H3N2 vaccine strain was only 48.7%. To further verify the protection of influenza vaccine against circulating influenza viruses in the region, we conducted in vivo and in vitro animal studies. The results of in vitro neutralization experiment showed that rabbit serum antibodies inoculated with quadrivalent isolated influenza vaccine had neutralization ability against all 24 isolated influenza viruses. In vivo experiments showed that vaccinated mice had fewer lung lesions when infected with the influenza strain circulating in Wuhan, suggesting that vaccination can effectively reduce the occurrence of severe lung damage. These findings emphasize the importance of accurately predicting seasonal influenza strains for effective influenza prevention and control, especially during the co‐circulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza viruses. This study provides valuable information on the seasonal influenza virus in Wuhan during the COVID‐19 pandemic and serves as a basis for vaccine prediction and updates.

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Epidemiological change of influenza virus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection during 2014−2022 in Hubei Province, China

Yi¹,

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2023

Virol J

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Purpose Influenza virus (IFV) causes acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) and leads to high morbidity and mortality annually. This study explored the epidemiological change of IFV after the implementation of the universal two-child policy and evaluated the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the detection of IFV. Methods Hospitalized children under 18 years with ARTI were recruited from Hubei Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital of Hubei Province from January 2014 to June 2022. The positive rates of IFV were compared among different periods by the implementation of the universal two-child policy and public health measures against COVID-19 pandemic. Results Among 75,128 hospitalized children with ARTI, the positive rate of IFV was 1.98% (1486/75128, 95% CI 1.88–2.01). Children aged 6−17 years had the highest positive rate of IFV (166/5504, 3.02%, 95% CI 2.58−3.50). The positive rate of IFV dropped to the lowest in 2015, then increased constantly and peaked in 2019. After the universal two-child policy implementation, the positive rate of IFV among all the hospitalized children increased from 0.40% during 2014−2015 to 2.70% during 2017−2019 (RR 6.72, 95% CI 4.94−9.13, P < 0.001), particularly children under one year shown a violent increasing trend from 0.20 to 2.01% (RR 10.26, 95% CI 5.47−19.23, P < 0.001). During the initial outbreak of COVID-19, the positive rate of IFV decreased sharply compared to that before COVID-19 (0.35% vs. 3.37%, RR 0.10, 95% CI 0.04−0.28, P < 0.001), and then rebounded to 0.91%, lower than the level before COVID-19 (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.20−0.36, P < 0.001). Conclusion IFV epidemiological pattern has changed after the implementation of the universal two-child policy. More attention should be emphasized to comprehend the health benefits generated by COVID‐19 restrictions on IFV transmission in future.

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Applying the Moving Epidemic Method to Establish the Influenza Epidemic Thresholds and Intensity Levels for Age-Specific Groups in Hubei Province, China

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia among children under 5 years in Suzhou, China: a hospital-based cohort study

Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia among children under 5 years in Suzhou, China: a hospital-based cohort study

Molecular epidemiology and vaccine compatibility analysis of seasonal influenza A viruses in the context of COVID‐19 epidemic in Wuhan, China

Epidemiological change of influenza virus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection during 2014−2022 in Hubei Province, China

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