Applying three distinct metrics to measure people’s perceptions of resilience

Abstract

Resilience management is gaining support as resilience studies proliferate. Quantification of resilience could help decision makers understand the complex dynamics of resilience and adopt resilience management. However, most quantifications have focused on resilience as an attribute of social-ecological systems, such as thresholds and safe operating spaces. Although informative for planning and implementing effective resilience management, they do not inform decision makers if people accept and support this management. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how people perceive resilience. We applied three metrics to measure how people perceive resilience: (1) an economic valuation of resilience, (2) motivations behind valuing resilience, and (3) the relative importance of resilience compared with other ecosystem services. We adopted coral reef ecosystems in Okinawa, Japan for our analysis. Coral reef ecosystems, which are rich in marine genetic resources (hotspots), have become endangered because of increasing anthropocentric pressures, and resilience is becoming an accepted method in coral reef ecosystem management. Our study revealed that an ex-ante willingness to pay (WTP) for expected benefits from a resilience management program ranged from 3439 to 5663 JPY for mean WTP and from 1615 to 2579 JPY for median WTP (cf. 100 JPY = 0.891 USD in 2017). Primary motivations, i.e., human values, underlying the valuation of resilience were conservation and self-transcendence, which overlap with some ecosystem services such as culture, bequest, education, coastal protection, sanitation, and habitat. Resilience is highly important compared with the other 10 coral reef ecosystem services. These findings could help decision makers plan and implement an effective, acceptable, and supported resilience management program.

Dispersive analysis of the γγ⁎ → ππ process

“…The only parameter in our approach is the V Pγ coupling which we fixed from the real photon data, and which is found to fall within the SU(3) spread between the couplings determined from experimental vector meson radiative decays. We achieved a reasonable description of the γγ → π + π − , π 0 π 0 total cross sections in comparison with the recent empirical data from the Belle Collaboration [35,38]. For the finite Q 2 we made a first dispersive prediction of the cross section including the f 2 (1270) region.…”

“…The separate contributions from the s-waves (d-waves) are shown by the red (blue) curves, whereas the Born result is shown by dashed gray curves. The data are taken from [34,35,36,37,38].…”

The importance of relational values in gaining people’s support and promoting their involvement in social-ecological system management: A comparative analysis

“…A previous empirical study showed that different value domains are connected to different ecosystem services (Martıń-López et al, 2014). Using the Schwartz human-values theory, certain studies have revealed that different marine ecosystem services are closely related to different value domains (Hicks et al, 2015;Uehara et al, 2019b). Therefore, the negative impact on people with neglected values may be aggravated by trade-offs between ecosystem services (Cord et al, 2017;Ellis et al, 2019).…”