Appressorial interactions with host and their evolution

Chethana, K. W. Thilini; Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.; Chen, Yi-Jyun; Konta, Sirinapa; Tibpromma, Saowaluck; Phukhamsakda, Chayanard; Abeywickrama, Pranami D.; Samarakoon, Milan C.; Senwanna, Chanokned; Mapook, Ausana; Tang, Xia; Gomdola, Deecksha; Marasinghe, Diana S.; Padaruth, Oundhyalah D.; Balasuriya, Abhaya; Xu, Jianping; Lumyong, Saisamorn; Hyde, Kevin D.

doi:10.1007/s13225-021-00487-5

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 282 publications

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“…It was isolated from plant litter, and even from rock surfaces (Bills et al 2004 ). This is a fair example that fungal endophytes are also capable of surviving outside their host and are only spending part of their life cycle in the plant host (Chethana et al 2021a ; Pem et al 2021 ).…”

Section: From Enfumafungin To Ibrexafungerp—development Of the First ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten decadal advances in fungal biology leading towards human well-being

et al. 2022

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Fungi are an understudied resource possessing huge potential for developing products that can greatly improve human well-being. In the current paper, we highlight some important discoveries and developments in applied mycology and interdisciplinary Life Science research. These examples concern recently introduced drugs for the treatment of infections and neurological diseases; application of –OMICS techniques and genetic tools in medical mycology and the regulation of mycotoxin production; as well as some highlights of mushroom cultivaton in Asia. Examples for new diagnostic tools in medical mycology and the exploitation of new candidates for therapeutic drugs, are also given. In addition, two entries illustrating the latest developments in the use of fungi for biodegradation and fungal biomaterial production are provided. Some other areas where there have been and/or will be significant developments are also included. It is our hope that this paper will help realise the importance of fungi as a potential industrial resource and see the next two decades bring forward many new fungal and fungus-derived products.

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Section: From Enfumafungin To Ibrexafungerp—development Of the First ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten decadal advances in fungal biology leading towards human well-being

et al. 2022

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“…This is not the first study to show hyaline fungal structures as an ancestral form. The hyaline appressoria are considered ancestral in appressorial fungi [ 54 ]; similarly, hyaline ascospores in Xylariomycetidae are regarded as ancestral [ 95 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been relatively few studies on ancestral state reconstructions in fungi to determine character evolution [ 4 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. For more than two decades, character evolution has been highly contentious in lichen systematics [ 51 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-Evaluating Botryosphaeriales: Ancestral State Reconstructions of Selected Characters and Evolution of Nutritional Modes

Rathnayaka

Chethana

Phillips

et al. 2023

JoF

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Botryosphaeriales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) occur in a wide range of habitats as endophytes, saprobes, and pathogens. The order Botryosphaeriales has not been subjected to evaluation since 2019 by Phillips and co-authors using phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses. Subsequently, many studies introduced novel taxa into the order and revised several families separately. In addition, no ancestral character studies have been conducted for this order. Therefore, in this study, we re-evaluated the character evolution and taxonomic placements of Botryosphaeriales species based on ancestral character evolution, divergence time estimation, and phylogenetic relationships, including all the novel taxa that have been introduced so far. Maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference analyses were conducted on a combined LSU and ITS sequence alignment. Ancestral state reconstruction was carried out for conidial colour, septation, and nutritional mode. Divergence times estimates revealed that Botryosphaeriales originated around 109 Mya in the early epoch of the Cretaceous period. All six families in Botryosphaeriales evolved in the late epoch of the Cretaceous period (66–100 Mya), during which Angiosperms also appeared, rapidly diversified and became dominant on land. Families of Botryosphaeriales diversified during the Paleogene and Neogene periods in the Cenozoic era. The order comprises the families Aplosporellaceae, Botryosphaeriaceae, Melanopsaceae, Phyllostictaceae, Planistromellaceae and Saccharataceae. Furthermore, current study assessed two hypotheses; the first one being “All Botryosphaeriales species originated as endophytes and then switched into saprobes when their hosts died or into pathogens when their hosts were under stress”; the second hypothesis states that “There is a link between the conidial colour and nutritional mode in botryosphaerialean taxa”. Ancestral state reconstruction and nutritional mode analyses revealed a pathogenic/saprobic nutritional mode as the ancestral character. However, we could not provide strong evidence for the first hypothesis mainly due to the significantly low number of studies reporting the endophytic botryosphaerialean taxa. Results also showed that hyaline and aseptate conidia were ancestral characters in Botryosphaeriales and supported the relationship between conidial pigmentation and the pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriales species.

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“…These included the stages of surface attachment, penetration through the cell wall, colonization within the host, and lesion formation. Some reports showed appressoria played a key role in the adsorption and penetration of fungi into host cells ( Dean et al, 2012 ; Chethana et al, 2021a , b ). During infection, the appressoria generated swelling pressures to provide the mechanical power for the pathogen to penetrate the outer epidermis and the cell wall of the host ( Chethana et al, 2021a , b ; Ryder et al, 2022 ), the pathogenicity mechanism of the appressoria produced by A. solani had rarely been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some reports showed appressoria played a key role in the adsorption and penetration of fungi into host cells ( Dean et al, 2012 ; Chethana et al, 2021a , b ). During infection, the appressoria generated swelling pressures to provide the mechanical power for the pathogen to penetrate the outer epidermis and the cell wall of the host ( Chethana et al, 2021a , b ; Ryder et al, 2022 ), the pathogenicity mechanism of the appressoria produced by A. solani had rarely been reported. In this article, in the samples of 4 h after inoculation on the leaves, TA-0410 had formed obvious appressoria structures, while TB-1129 had not formed them even after 24 h of inoculation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-omics approaches to understand pathogenicity during potato early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani

Li,

Feng,

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Potato early blight (PEB), a foliar disease of potato during the growing period, caused by Alternaria sp., is common in major potato-producing areas worldwide. Effective agents to control this disease or completely resistant potato varieties are absent. Large-scale use of fungicides is limited due to possibility of increase in pathogen resistance and the requirements of ecological agriculture. In this study, we focused on the composition and infection characteristics of early blight pathogens in Yunnan Province and screened candidate pathogenesis-related pathways and genes. We isolated 85 strains of Alternaria sp. fungi from typical early blight spots in three potato-growing regions in Yunnan Province from 2018 to 2022, and identified 35 strains of Alternaria solani and 50 strains of Alternaria alternata by morphological characterization and ITS sequence comparison, which were identified as the main and conditional pathogens causing early blight in potato, respectively. Scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed only A. solani producing appressorium at 4 h after inoculation successfully infected the leaf cells. Via genome assembly and annotation, combine transcriptome and proteomic analysis, the following pathogenicity-related unit, transcription factors and metabolic pathway were identified: (1) cell wall-degrading enzymes, such as pectinase, keratinase, and cellulase; (2) genes and pathways related to conidia germination and pathogenicity, such as ubiquitination and peroxisomes; and (3) transcription factors, such as Zn-clus, C2H2, bZIP, and bHLH. These elements were responsible for PEB epidemic in Yunnan.

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Appressorial interactions with host and their evolution

Cited by 19 publications

References 282 publications

Ten decadal advances in fungal biology leading towards human well-being

Ten decadal advances in fungal biology leading towards human well-being

Re-Evaluating Botryosphaeriales: Ancestral State Reconstructions of Selected Characters and Evolution of Nutritional Modes

Multi-omics approaches to understand pathogenicity during potato early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani

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