Approach to primary vertebral tumors in the light of the 2020 updated world health organization classification of bone tumors

Tosun, Ilkay; Naderi, Sait

doi:10.5137/1019-5149.jtn.36208-21.2

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Grade evaluation of ChS is based on cellularity, nuclear features, and mitotic rate, as well as tumor matrix characteristics [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. According to the 2020 WHO classification updated by Choi J. et al [ 13 , 14 ], eight ChS subtypes have been identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Treatments Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment for Advanced Chondrosarcoma

Ingangi,

De Chiara,

Ferrara

et al. 2024

Cells

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Chondrosarcoma (ChS), a malignant cartilage-producing tumor, is the second most frequently diagnosed osseous sarcoma after osteosarcoma. It represents a very heterogeneous group of malignant chemo- and radiation-resistant neoplasms, accounting for approximately 20% of all bone sarcomas. The majority of ChS patients have a good prognosis after a complete surgical resection, as these tumors grow slowly and rarely metastasize. Conversely, patients with inoperable disease, due to the tumor location, size, or metastases, represent a great clinical challenge. Despite several genetic and epigenetic alterations that have been described in distinct ChS subtypes, very few therapeutic options are currently available for ChS patients. Therefore, new prognostic factors for tumor progression as well as new treatment options have to be explored, especially for patients with unresectable or metastatic disease. Recent studies have shown that a correlation between immune infiltrate composition, tumor aggressiveness, and survival does exist in ChS patients. In addition, the intra-tumor microvessel density has been proven to be associated with aggressive clinical behavior and a high metastatic potential in ChS. This review will provide an insight into the ChS microenvironment, since immunotherapy and antiangiogenic agents are emerging as interesting therapeutic options for ChS patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Treatments Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment for Advanced Chondrosarcoma

Ingangi,

De Chiara,

Ferrara

et al. 2024

Cells

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“…According to the 2020 World Health Organization, chondrosarcomas are grouped in the malignant category and are classified into three main grades I–III, based on cellularity, tumor matrix characteristics, nuclear features, and mitotic rate [ 7 , 8 ]. Grade I chondrosarcomas are comprised of few cells with no variation in shape and size, and a low metastatic potential associated with flat bone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both grade II and III chondrosarcomas present hyper-cellularity, variation in cell morphology, and invasion of surrounding tissue. Grade II chondrosarcoma presents a myxoid component while grade III chondrosarcoma is characterized by intense mitotic activity [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chondrosarcoma Resistance to Radiation Therapy: Origins and Potential Therapeutic Solutions

Gilbert

Tudor

Montanari

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Chondrosarcoma is a malignant cartilaginous tumor that is particularly chemoresistant and radioresistant to X-rays. The first line of treatment is surgery, though this is almost impossible in some specific locations. Such resistances can be explained by the particular composition of the tumor, which develops within a dense cartilaginous matrix, producing a resistant area where the oxygen tension is very low. This microenvironment forces the cells to adapt and dedifferentiate into cancer stem cells, which are described to be more resistant to conventional treatments. One of the main avenues considered to treat this type of tumor is hadrontherapy, in particular for its ballistic properties but also its greater biological effectiveness against tumor cells. In this review, we describe the different forms of chondrosarcoma resistance and how hadrontherapy, combined with other treatments involving targeted inhibitors, could help to better treat high-grade chondrosarcoma.

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Approach to primary vertebral tumors in the light of the 2020 updated world health organization classification of bone tumors

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Emerging Treatments Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment for Advanced Chondrosarcoma

Emerging Treatments Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment for Advanced Chondrosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma Resistance to Radiation Therapy: Origins and Potential Therapeutic Solutions

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