Environmental science diplomacy involves scientists, researchers, and diplomats working together to address global environmental issues, share and co-create scientific knowledge to develop national interests, and promote evidence-based policies for environmental protection and conservation. Science diplomacy has brought about change within national borders, which means building relationships with actors beyond Western science and traditional diplomacy, and recognizing the diversity of epistemologies, knowledge and approaches. In particular, there is a crucial element of diplomacy within national borders, the negotiation between environmental science and traditional ecological knowledge in Latin America and the Caribbean. Challenges include overcoming cultural barriers and promoting equitable collaboration between diplomats, scientists, and ethnic and local communities. Future directions include promoting inclusiveness, intercultural dialogue, and negotiation of mutual respect to more effectively address global and environmental challenges with actors not represented in diplomacy.