Aptamers and Their Significant Role in Cancer Therapy  and Diagnosis

Prakash, Joy Sebastian; Rajamanickam, Karunanithi

doi:10.3390/biomedicines3030248

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…The main challenge in the development of reliable diagnostic sensors based on antibodies is due to the fluctuation of their affinity depending on manufacture and batch. Synthetic aptamers overcome these limitations as their properties at the same conditions depend only on nucleotide sequence [ 105 , 106 ]. Another advantage of using aptamers over the conventional antibodies is the possibility to modify them chemically with various labels, active groups, and nanoparticles, which is important for biosensors design [ 105 ].…”

Section: Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Aptamersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Synthetic aptamers overcome these limitations as their properties at the same conditions depend only on nucleotide sequence [ 105 , 106 ]. Another advantage of using aptamers over the conventional antibodies is the possibility to modify them chemically with various labels, active groups, and nanoparticles, which is important for biosensors design [ 105 ]. Some aptamers change their conformation after binding to their target molecules, which makes the development of switchable aptasensors and fluorescence quenching sensors possible, which could not be achieved with antibodies [ 107 ].…”

Section: Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Aptamersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current and Prospective Protein Biomarkers of Lung Cancer

Zamay

Kolovskaya

et al. 2017

Cancers

149

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Lung cancer is a malignant lung tumor with various histological variants that arise from different cell types, such as bronchial epithelium, bronchioles, alveoli, or bronchial mucous glands. The clinical course and treatment efficacy of lung cancer depends on the histological variant of the tumor. Therefore, accurate identification of the histological type of cancer and respective protein biomarkers is crucial for adequate therapy. Due to the great diversity in the molecular-biological features of lung cancer histological types, detection is impossible without knowledge of the nature and origin of malignant cells, which release certain protein biomarkers into the bloodstream. To date, different panels of biomarkers are used for screening. Unfortunately, a uniform serum biomarker composition capable of distinguishing lung cancer types is yet to be discovered. As such, histological analyses of tumor biopsies and immunohistochemistry are the most frequently used methods for establishing correct diagnoses. Here, we discuss the recent advances in conventional and prospective aptamer based strategies for biomarker discovery. Aptamers like artificial antibodies can serve as molecular recognition elements for isolation detection and search of novel tumor-associated markers. Here we will describe how these small synthetic single stranded oligonucleotides can be used for lung cancer biomarker discovery and utilized for accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy. Furthermore, we describe the most frequently used in-clinic and novel lung cancer biomarkers, which suggest to have the ability of differentiating between histological types of lung cancer and defining metastasis rate.

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Section: Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Aptamersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Aptamersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Prospective Protein Biomarkers of Lung Cancer

Zamay

Kolovskaya

et al. 2017

Cancers

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The incubator (Sanyo MCO-17AI, LabX, Tokyo, Japan) was set at 37 °C with a carbon dioxide concentration equal to 5%. The passage of confluent control cells were performed with trypsinizing the cells using 0.25% w/v trypsin plus 0.53 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution [ 9 ]. The passage of confluent target cells was different from control cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, many papers have reported the advantages of sensors for the diagnosis of prostate, breast and colon cancers [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Among the few papers detailing the use of apta-DSs for colon cancer diagnosis, Sheng et al reported a microfluidic device incorporated with a large number of micro-pillars used for isolating HCT 116 cancer cells from a blood sample [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optically-Transparent Aptamer-Based Detection System for Colon Cancer Applications Using Gold Nanoparticles Electrodeposited on Indium Tin Oxide

Ahmadzadeh-Raji

Ghafar-Zadeh

Amoabediny

2016

Sensors

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In this paper, a label-free aptamer based detection system (apta-DS) was investigated for detecting colon cancer cells. For this purpose, we employed an aptamer specific to colon cancer cells like HCT116 expressing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on their surfaces. Capture aptamers were covalently immobilized on the surface of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) through self-assembly monolayer of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) activated with EDC (1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronopotentiometry (CP) methods were used for electrodeposition of GNPs on the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO). In this work, the CV method was also used to demonstrate the conjugation of GNPs and aptamers and identify the cancer cell capturing events. Additionally, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) confirmed the deposition of GNPs on ITO and the immobilization of aptamer on the apta-DS. The electrodeposited GNPs played the role of nanoprobes for cancer cell targeting without losing the optical transparency of the ITO substrate. A conventional optical microscope also verified the detection of captured cancer cells. Based on this study’s results relying on electrochemical and optical microscopic methods, the proposed apta-DS is reliable and high sensitive with a LOD equal to 6 cell/mL for colon cancer detection.

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“…Aptamers are short, single-chained DNA or RNA molecules that recognize molecular targets with high affinity (in nM to pM range) and specificity owing to their 3D conformation. Aptamers are emerging as a class of biocompatible ligands with huge potential in diagnostics and therapeutics [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Compared with antibodies, aptamer production exploits a chemical technology with high batch fidelity that is not intrinsically prone to viral or bacterial contamination [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the Selection of Cell Targeting Aptamers with Extended Biological Functionalities to Facilitate Endosomal Escape of Cargoes

2017

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Over the past decades there have been exciting and rapid developments of highly specific molecules to bind cancer antigens that are overexpressed on the surfaces of malignant cells. Nanomedicine aims to exploit these ligands to generate nanoscale platforms for targeted cancer therapy, and to do so with negligible off-target effects. Aptamers are structured nucleic acids that bind to defined molecular targets ranging from small molecules and proteins to whole cells or viruses. They are selected through an iterative process of amplification and enrichment called SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment), in which a combinatorial oligonucleotide library is exposed to the target of interest for several repetitive rounds. Nucleic acid ligands able to bind and internalize into malignant cells have been extensively used as tools for targeted delivery of therapeutic payloads both in vitro and in vivo. However, current cell targeting aptamer platforms suffer from limitations that have slowed their translation to the clinic. This is especially true for applications in which the cargo must reach the cytosol to exert its biological activity, as only a small percentage of the endocytosed cargo is typically able to translocate into the cytosol. Innovative technologies and selection strategies are required to enhance cytoplasmic delivery. In this review, we describe current selection methods used to generate aptamers that target cancer cells, and we highlight some of the factors that affect productive endosomal escape of cargoes. We also give an overview of the most promising strategies utilized to improve and monitor endosomal escape of therapeutic cargoes. The methods we highlight exploit tools and technologies that can potentially be incorporated in the SELEX process. Innovative selection protocols may identify aptamers with extended biological functionalities that allow effective cytosolic translocation of therapeutics. This in turn may facilitate successful translation of these platforms into clinical applications.

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Aptamers and Their Significant Role in Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis

Cited by 29 publications

References 118 publications

Current and Prospective Protein Biomarkers of Lung Cancer

Current and Prospective Protein Biomarkers of Lung Cancer

An Optically-Transparent Aptamer-Based Detection System for Colon Cancer Applications Using Gold Nanoparticles Electrodeposited on Indium Tin Oxide

Toward the Selection of Cell Targeting Aptamers with Extended Biological Functionalities to Facilitate Endosomal Escape of Cargoes

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