Aqueous date fruit extract protects against lipid peroxidation and improves antioxidant status in the liver of rats subchronically exposed to trichloroacetic acid

Abstract

Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a prominent by-product of the chlorination of drinking water. It induces cell damage by producing free radicals and reactive oxygen species. The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential hepatoprotective role of the aqueous date extract (ADE) against TCA-induced liver injury. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of eight: group I served as the control; group II was given ADE by gavage; groups III and IV received TCA as drinking water at 0.5 and 2 g/L, respectively; and groups V and VI were treated with ADE by gavage and then received TCA at 0.5 and 2 g/L, respectively, as drinking water. The experiment was performed for 2 months. The hepatotoxicity of TCA administration was revealed by an increase in the levels of hepatic marker enzymes (transaminases, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and lactate dehydrogenase) and conjugated bilirubin and a decrease in albumin level. The TCA administration induced also significant elevation of the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) paralleled with a significant decline in catalase (CAT) activity. These biochemical alterations were accompanied by histological changes marked by the appearance of vacuolization, necrosis, congestion, inflammation, and enlargement of sinusoids in the liver section. Treatment with date palm fruit extract restored the liver damage induced by TCA, as demonstrated by inhibition of hepatic lipid peroxidation; amelioration of SOD, GPx, and CAT activities; and improvement of histopathology changes. These results suggest that ADE has a protective effect over TCA-induced oxidative damage in rat liver.

Protective Role and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extract of Rosmarinus Officinalis Against Trichloroacetate-Induced Toxicity in Liver of Male Rats

“…The present study showed that TCA induced a significant increase in the activity of SOD, CAT, and GPx compared with normal CG; these results are agreement with El Arem et al; Hassoun and Cearfoss [52,53], who confirmed the increase in these enzymes activity in the serum when animals treated with TCA. TCA treatment resulted in an increase in SOD and CAT activities suggesting a partial role of SOD-CAT in protection against cellular toxicity and the contribution of superoxide anion and H 2 O 2 to the previously observed oxidative cellular damage associated with TCA treatment [53].…”

Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Palm Date Seeds and Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy in Type II Diabetic Rats

“…Previous studies reported similar findings for palm date extracts. For instance, in a rat model of trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-induced hepatoxicity, El Arem et al [16] demonstrated that aqueous palm fruit extract attenuated enhanced redox state in liver as evidenced by significant reduction in hepatic lipid peroxidation products (MDA) with improvement of antioxidant enzyme e.g. catalase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase activities.…”

“…The extracts of palm date fruits and seeds showed strong antioxidant properties in many in vitro studies [9,13] and in vivo studies [10,14,15]. Recently, El Arem et al [16] demonstrated the beneficial effect of aqueous palm fruit extract (ADE) against the oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity induced by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and Saafi-Ben Salah et al [17] and El Arem et al [18] demonstrated the beneficial effect for palm date extracts against nephrotoxicity induced by dichloroacetic acid and dimethoate respectively. Moreover, we demonstrated in a recent study by our group that palm date extracts ameliorates the hepatic dysfunctions in type 2 DM [19].…”

The beneficial effect of natural antioxidants from olive oil with fig and date palm fruit extracts on biochemical and hematological parameters in rats treated with doxorubicin and γ-radiation

“…OFD is rich in polyphenolic substances, which have received widespread attention because of their potential for preventing some common chronic diseases. Polyphenols are reported to have antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective effects (Bashandy et al 2014;El Arem et al 2014).…”