Aqueous extracts from dentin adhesives contain cytotoxic chemicals

Abstract

It was the aim of our study to investigate the composition and cytotoxicity of aqueous elutes from five dentin adhesives currently used in clinical practice: Solobond Plustrade mark, Solisttrade mark, Scotchbond Multipurposetrade mark, Syntac SCtrade mark, and Prime & Bondtrade mark 2.1. Water extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and relative quantities of identified compounds were compared by means of an internal caffeine standard [%CF]. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of substances released into DMEM were determined using immortalized 3T3-fibroblast cultures. In addition, the cytotoxicity of ethylene glycol (EG), which was identified in the extracts of Syntac SC, was evaluated. All dentin adhesives tested released various chemical components, like comonomers (mainly ethylene glycol compounds), HEMA, and initiating substances (e.g., camphorquinone). Elutes of Solobond Plus, which contained very high amounts of TEGDMA, were extremely cytotoxic. Two bonding agents (Scotchbond Multi-purpose, Syntac SC), which released significant quantities of HEMA, induced severe cytotoxic effects. In contrast, extracts from Solist and Prime & Bond 2.1 had very small effects on cell proliferation; these elutes contained small amounts of released chemical compounds. EG, a product of HEMA hydrolysis, in concentrations ranging from 0.025-25 mM was not cytotoxic. In summary, these results provide evidence that all dentin adhesives tested in the present study release in aqueous media chemical compounds some of which (for example, TEGDMA and HEMA) are cytotoxic.

The effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine and ascorbic acid on visible-light-irradiated camphorquinone/N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine-induced oxidative stress in two immortalized cell lines

“…A number of studies have used a combined method of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to determine the organic substances released from different types of RBDF materials [1][2][3][4][5]. These studies have consistently identified unreacted (co)-monomers, such as triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate, as well as the initiating additives camphorquinone (CQ), dimethoxybenzoin, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMA), and dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMT), as common leachates.…”

Effect of extraction media and storage time on the elution of monomers from four contemporary resin composite materials

“…[32] In previous cytotoxicity studies, a variety of extraction media have been used such as culture medium,[333435] distilled water,[3637] saline,[32] and acetone plus ethanol in saline. [38] However, only few studies compare the effect of different extraction techniques.…”

Quantification of monomer elution and carbon–carbon double bonds in dental adhesive systems using HPLC and micro-Raman spectroscopy

“…The biocompatibility of RBCs and adhesives has been studied and it has been shown that, after curing, residual monomers may elute into the oral environment. 7 Dimethacrylates, especially, have been shown to exert cytotoxic 8,9 and endocrine disruptive effects. 10,11 In a clinical situation, unbound components of adhesives and RBCs may diffuse through dentine into the pulp or elute from the restoration into the oral cavity.…”