Aqueous lixiviants: Principle, types, and applications

Wang, Shijie

doi:10.1007/s11837-007-0129-x

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…, but here, due to later image processing steps, this value is confined to � max ¼ ð1=2Þ minðN x ; N y Þ. This is equivalent to using a circular mask on the original pattern (Wang, 2007) and will crop out some potential bands far from the center on rectangular detectors. This does not typically cause significant indexing errors for most collection conditions of high-symmetry crystals, but may eliminate critical bands that are necessary in unambiguous indexing in lower-symmetry crystals or in cases of pseudosymmetry.…”

Section: Locating Kikuchi Bandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Radon transforms for high-precision EBSD orientation determination using PyEBSDIndex

Rowenhorst,

Callahan,

Ånes

2024

J Appl Cryst

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The automated indexing and orientation determination of backscattered Kikuchi patterns is an essential step in electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis. Here a new Radon-transform-based algorithm is developed within the software package PyEBSDIndex, which features a number of key improvements over what has been traditionally available. The Radon convolutions use derivatives of Gaussian kernels that more closely match EBSD band profiles, which is combined with sub-pixel localization of the peaks in the Radon transform. Additionally, the weighted quaternion estimator algorithm (QUEST) is leveraged to provide the final estimation of the crystal orientation. The combination of these techniques allows for high-accuracy indexing and precise orientation determination, with tests on simulated patterns showing mean orientation errors as low as 0.037° and a 95% confidence level of 0.073°. Additional testing of the effect of pattern noise shows that PyEBSDIndex performs similarly to the spherical harmonic transform indexing methods except in the most extreme levels of low pattern quality. A test case of indexing a dual-phase Ti-6Al-4V EBSD map finds that PyEBSDIndex differentiates phases equivalently to the commercial Hough indexing solution, with orientation noise 75% lower than the commercial solution. Finally, it is shown that PyEBSDIndex, by performing the image processing calculations on the GPU, is able to analyze patterns at unprecedented speeds, in some cases at over 45 000 patterns s−1, thereby providing sufficient speed for newer, high-speed detectors. PyEBSD Index is open source and available at https://github.com/USNavalResearchLaboratory/PyEBSDIndex.

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Section: Locating Kikuchi Bandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Radon transforms for high-precision EBSD orientation determination using PyEBSDIndex

Rowenhorst,

Callahan,

Ånes

2024

J Appl Cryst

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“…It finds broad applications in various industries (e.g. metallurgical, electroplating, electrical and electronics, automotive, construction, telecommunications, and healthcare (Chang, 2018;Gopi Kiran et al, 2017)) and is mined mainly from oxide and sulfide ores using sulfuric acid as a lixiviant (Bar and Barkat, 2016;Wang, 2007). With a finite supply of copper from the ground and the increasing demand for copper in the global market, it is essential to recover copper more efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Cu(II) From Acidic Sulfate Media by Palm Kernel Fatty Acid Distillate: Stoichiometry and Thermodynamic Studies

Halim¹,

Morad²,

Chang³

2021

Preprint

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In efforts to develop a novel low-cost and eco-friendly organic solvent, namely, palm kernel fatty acid distillate (PKFAD), with free fatty acids (FFAs) as the active components, for Cu(II) extraction from acidic sulfate media, this work aimed to gain insight into the stoichiometry of Cu(II)-FFA complexes (extracted species) in PKFAD and their extraction thermodynamics. The former was explored by both the equilibrium slope and numerical analyses, while the latter was determined from the extraction of Cu(II) by PKFAD at different temperatures. Both the equilibrium slope and numerical analyses revealed that the stoichiometry of Cu(II)-FFA complexes in PKFAD was 1:6, whereas the thermodynamic study indicated that Cu(II) extraction by PKFAD was exothermic, nonspontaneous, and enthalpy-driven over the temperature range studied. A plausible structure of Cu(II)-FFA complexes in PKFAD was also postulated based on the thermodynamic data obtained.

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“…In hydrometallurgical processes, aqueous lixiviants play a critical role for dissolving metals from ores or concentrates into aqueous solutions. Mineral acid solutions such as H 2 SO 4 , HCl, and HNO 3 are the most widely used as lixiviants due to their advantages such as aggressiveness, low price and availability 1) . However, there are some drawbacks in the use of these acidic lixiviants for the leaching of metals from various resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Chemical Reactivity between Sulfuric and Methanesulfonic Acids as a Leaching Agent

Tran

Moon

Lee³

2021

Resour. Recycl.

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Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) can be considered effective in the leaching of metals because of its advantageous physical and chemical properties. The chemical reactivities of MSA and sulfuric acid were compared based on their structures and the dissolution data of Co and Ni metal. The inductive and resonance effects play a vital role in the chemical reactivities of these two acids. The dissolution percentages of Co and Ni in the sulfuric acid solution were higher than those in the MSA solution under the same experimental conditions. Considering the strong acidity of MSA and the high solubility of its metal salts, MSA can be employed as a leaching agent for the recovery of metals.

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Aqueous lixiviants: Principle, types, and applications

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Fast Radon transforms for high-precision EBSD orientation determination using PyEBSDIndex

Fast Radon transforms for high-precision EBSD orientation determination using PyEBSDIndex

Extraction of Cu(II) From Acidic Sulfate Media by Palm Kernel Fatty Acid Distillate: Stoichiometry and Thermodynamic Studies

Comparison of the Chemical Reactivity between Sulfuric and Methanesulfonic Acids as a Leaching Agent

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