Aqueous redox flow batteries: How ‘green’ are the redox active materials?

Abstract

Energy storage using aqueous organic redox flow batteries (ORFBs) is gaining momentum in recent years parallel with the renewable energy industry, principally to store energy from solar, wind and hydro...

Realization of multi-configurable logic gate behaviour on fluorescence switching signalling of naphthalene diimide congeners

“…N2 was synthesized according to the previous reported process. 51 At first, –COOH group of 5-amino-isophthalic acid was neutralized by a stoichiometric amount (2 equivalent) of aqueous NaOH solution to obtain sodium 5-amino-isophthalate. 52 Then the prepared sodium 5-amino-isophthalate (230 mg, 1.5 mmol) was added to 8 mL of distilled water in a 25 mL round-bottom flask and subjected to continuous stirring.…”

Facile Synthesis of Regenerative Framework Adsorbent for Organic Dyes: Experimental and Artificial Neural Modeling Studies

“…The overall synthetic procedure for the preparation of NDI linker was obtained by following a previously reported modified two-step process. Firstly, the preparation of the sodium salt of 4-amino-sulfanilic acid [41] was carried out followed by the synthesis of NDI ligand following a reported modified reaction [42,43] as shown in Scheme 1. The formation of salt and linker was confirmed by employing the standard characterization techniques, viz., ESI-MS, 1 H-NMR, FT-IR, etc.…”

“…Firstly, the preparation of sodium salt of 4-amino sulfanilic acid [41] followed by a simple reaction with 1,4,5,8-Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA). [42,43] For the synthesis of salt, À SO 3 H group of 4-amino sulfanilic acid was neutralized by a stoichiometric amount (1 equivalent) of aqueous NaOH solution to obtain sodium salt of amino sulfanilic acid. ESI-MS: m/z for C 6 H 6 NO 3 SNa (MÀ H) À calcd.…”

Viologen Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure-Property Relationships for Redox Flow Battery Optimization

“…In this work, we introduced a new hydrothermal synthetic method for universal applicability toward water-soluble viologen derivatives, producing chloride salt forms of symmetric and asymmetric structures in one step reaction. The hydrothermal method is truly a scalable "green" synthesis 26 and permitted the systematic screening of nine viologen derivates to glean new structure-property insight for electrolyte optimization. Ultimately, this study resulted in the design of a Dex-DiOH-Vi anolyte with no apparent capacity decay when used in AORFB cycling for 14 days and a anolyte theoretical volumetric capacity of 67 Ah•L -1 .…”