“…The hydration performance of the cement mortar was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25,26 As a result, previous researchers have developed novel approaches to reduce the heating and cooling temperatures in buildings with the sensible form of building materials concrete, cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate. 27 To overcome the CO 2 emissions in construction, novel materials have been introduced in brick, cement, and concrete, resulting in better thermal comfort and energy savings.…”