Architecture and algorithms for new cesium beam frequency standard electronics

Cutler, L.S.; Giffard, R. P.

doi:10.1109/freq.1992.270024

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In practically all devices, the control of the LO is periodically switched into hold-over mode and several parameters affecting the accuracy and long-term stability of the clock are monitored. Among these are C-field strength, the microwave field amplitude and the atomic flux (signal level) (Cutler and Giffard 1992). Operational parameters are logged and can be retrieved through a computer interface.…”

Section: Commercial Caesium Clocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caesium atomic clocks: function, performance and applications

Bauch

2003

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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For more than four decades, caesium atomic clocks have been the backbone in a variety of demanding applications in science and technology. Neither satellite based navigation systems, like the US Global Positioning System, nor the syntonization of telecommunication networks at the presently prescribed level would function without them. Recent years have brought major breakthroughs in the development, operation and mutual comparison of frequency standards based on the same hyperfine transition in caesium as used hitherto, but now incorporating the technique of laser cooling. Several cold-atom fountains have been developed. Mutual agreement within about one part in 10 15 was demonstrated for two of them operated side by side but also for two operated simultaneously in the US and Germany. This paper gives a survey on currently available commercial caesium clocks and primary standards developed in national metrology institutes.

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Section: Commercial Caesium Clocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caesium atomic clocks: function, performance and applications

Bauch

2003

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…The frequency synthesizer is a crucial component of cesium clocks, bridging the frequency of electronic oscillator and atomic transition frequency. The stability of a clock is particularly related to the phase noise level and the settling time of the synthesized microwave signal [9][10][11][12][13]. However, we found that the vast majority of existing work in this field mainly focuses on the low phase noise of frequency synthesizers [14][15][16][17][18][19], and there are few reports on the settling time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, we found that the vast majority of existing work in this field mainly focuses on the low phase noise of frequency synthesizers [14][15][16][17][18][19], and there are few reports on the settling time. Therefore, in this paper, the settling time of the frequency synthesizers will be investigated in detail, which is also important for precisely identifying the central transition lines and maximizing atomic transitions [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this design, a direct 9.192 631 770 GHz frequency signal is generated through the dielectric resonant oscillator (DRO) in the phaselocked Loop (PLL). In contrast to previous synthesizers [12][13][14][15][16][17], the dual-phase-locked loop circuits are equipped with two oven-controlled crystal oscillators (OCXOs): one serves as the 10 MHz reference source in the first PLL, and the other one operates at 200 MHz and is used in the second PLL. The 200 MHz OCXO serves the purpose of decreasing the phase noise of the intermediate frequency offset frequency band signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis and Implementation of a Frequency Synthesizer Based on Dual Phase-Locked Loops in Cesium Atomic Clock

Guo

Hou

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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The frequency synthesizer plays a crucial role in atomic clock technology. In this study, we demonstrate a direct microwave frequency synthesizer for a cesium atomic clock, employing frequency multiplication and a dual-phase-locked loop mode. A mathematical model of the frequency synthesis chain is established to estimate its performance. The phase-settling time and system stability are analyzed and studied in detail, and the obtained results are verified by experiments. An optimized realization of the frequency synthesizer shows that the phase-settling time can be adjusted within the range of 644.5 µs to 1.5 ms. Additionally, we measure the absolute phase noise values to be −63.7 dBc/Hz, −75.7 dBc/Hz, −107.1 dBc/Hz, and −122.5 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz, 10 Hz, 1 kHz, and 10 kHz offset frequencies, respectively.

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An Engineered High Performance Optically Pumped Compact Cesium Atomic Clock

Wei,

Li,

et al. 2023

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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Architecture and algorithms for new cesium beam frequency standard electronics

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Caesium atomic clocks: function, performance and applications

Caesium atomic clocks: function, performance and applications

Analysis and Implementation of a Frequency Synthesizer Based on Dual Phase-Locked Loops in Cesium Atomic Clock

An Engineered High Performance Optically Pumped Compact Cesium Atomic Clock

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