Architecture and performance analysis of a smart battery charging and swapping operation service network for electric vehicles in China

Xu, Xiaohui; Yao, Liangzhong; Zeng, Pingliang; Liu, Yujun; Cai, Tingting

doi:10.1007/s40565-015-0118-y

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In recent years, in the background of energy resource crisis and environmental degradation, electric vehicles (EVs) including plugin hybrid EVs (PHEVs) and battery EVs (BEVs), are considered as promising alternatives to replace the internal combustion engine vehicles to reduce energy dependence, mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality [1][2][3][4][5]. Consequently, many countries have set goals for EV adoption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal location of PEVCSs using MAS and ER approach

Jiang

Jing

2018

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal location of PEVCSs using MAS and ER approach

Jiang

Jing

2018

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

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“…The battery swapping mode is mainly applied in public transport, such as electric buses and electric taxis. As an important charging mode, the State Grid Corporation of China has invested in and constructed dozens of battery swapping stations (BSSs) in large cities in China [10,11]. The centralized charging strategy in BSSs is constructive for the integration of renewable energy generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimal Charging Strategy for PV-Based Battery Swapping Stations in a DC Distribution System

Li³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Photoenergy

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Photovoltaic-(PV-) based battery swapping stations (BSSs) utilize a typical integration of consumable renewable resources to supply power for electric vehicles (EVs). The charging strategy of PV-based BSSs directly influences the availability, cost, and carbon emissions of the swapping service. This paper proposes an optimal charging strategy to improve the self-consumption of PV-generated power and service availability while considering forecast errors. First, we introduce the typical structure and operation model of PV-based BSSs. Second, three indexes are presented to evaluate operational performance. Then, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is developed to calculate the optimal charging power and to minimize the charging cost for each time slot. The proposed charging strategy helps decrease the impact of forecast uncertainties on the availability of the battery swapping service. Finally, a day-ahead operation schedule, a real-time decision-making strategy, and the proposed PSO charging strategy for PV-based BSSs are simulated in a case study. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the self-consumption of PV-generated power and reduce charging cost.

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“…Presently, the transportation sector is being transformed rapidly to adopt electric vehicles (EVs) as it is an important revolution to circumvent the depletion of conventional energy resources and their detrimental environmental impacts like global warming, public health hazards, etc. [1]. With the proliferation of EVs, there is an equivalent obligation to meet the EV charging needs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of optimal electric vehicle charging station allotment on IEEE 15-bus system

Sengupta¹,

Datta

2021

Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics

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Introduction. The diminishing conventional energy resources and their adverse environmental impacts compelled the researchers and industries to move towards the nonconventional energy resources. Consequently, a drastic paradigm shift is observed in the power and transportation sectors from the traditional fossil fuel based to the renewable energy-based technologies. Considering the proliferation of electric vehicles, the energy companies have been working continuously to extend electric vehicle charging facilities. Problem. Down the line, the inclusion of electric vehicle charging stations to the electric grid upsurges the complication as charging demands are random in nature all over the grid, and in turn, an unplanned electric vehicle charging station installation may cause for the system profile degradation. Purpose. To mitigate the problem, optimum allocation of the charging stations in existing power distribution system in a strategic manner is a matter of pronounced importance in maintaining the system stability and power quality. In this paper, optimum allocation of electric vehicle charging stations in IEEE 15-bus system is studied in order to minimize the highest over and under voltage deviations. Methodology. Primarily, voltage stability analysis is carried out for identification of the suitable system nodes for the integration. Voltage sensitivity indices of all the system nodes are calculated by introducing an incremental change in reactive power injection and noting down the corresponding change in node voltage for all nodes. Henceforth, dynamic load-flow analysis is performed using a fast and efficient power flow analysis technique while using particle swarm optimization method in finding the optimal locations. Results. The results obtained by the application of the mentioned techniques on IEEE 15-bus system not only give the optimum feasible locations of the electric vehicle charging stations, but also provide the maximum number of such charging stations of stipulated sizes which can be incorporated while maintaining the voltage profile. Originality. The originality of the proposed work is the development of the objective function; voltage stability analysis; power flow analysis and optimization algorithms. Practical value. The proposed work demonstrates the detailed procedure of optimum electric vehicle charging station allotment. The experimental results can be used for the subsequent execution in real field.

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Architecture and performance analysis of a smart battery charging and swapping operation service network for electric vehicles in China

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Optimal location of PEVCSs using MAS and ER approach

Optimal location of PEVCSs using MAS and ER approach

An Optimal Charging Strategy for PV-Based Battery Swapping Stations in a DC Distribution System

Validation of optimal electric vehicle charging station allotment on IEEE 15-bus system

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