Architecture and Routing Protocols for Airborne Internet Access

Numani, Abdullah; Nawaz, Syed Junaid; Javed, Muhammad Awais

doi:10.1109/icce-asia.2018.8552136

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Barrit et al [12] propose temporospatial software defined routing. Numani et al [13] compare topology-based and position-based routing algorithms. They conclude that the position-based algorithm is very susceptible to overloading in terms of throughput and needs lots of administration, as nodes (aircraft) are always moving.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure Point-to-Point Long-Distance Multi-Hop Connections in a Dense Airplane Mesh-Network using LDACS

Jansen

Mäurer

Gräupl

2022

2022 IEEE/AIAA 41st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The capacity of current aeronautical datalinks is reaching its limits and becomes a hindrance for growth of worldwide civil aviation. To modernize Air Traffic Management (ATM) and digitize aeronautical communications, successors for current technologies are being researched and deployed. The envisioned successor for the VHF Datalink mode 2 (VDLm2) for European air traffic is the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS). Similar to VDLm2, LDACS is a terrestrial, cellular Air-Ground (A/G) communications system. Contrary to VDLm2, LDACS shall also provide an Air-Air (A/A) communication mode in the future, called LDACS A/A, which operates in a radius of 200 Nautical Miles (NM) for aircraft above altitude of 3000m. Long-distance multi-hop A/A communications could be used to extend the range of LDACS ground stations into oceanic and remote areas, increasing the utility of the terrestrial infrastructure. While LDACS A/G offers sound cybersecurity measures, the development of such for an LDACS A/A extension is currently in its infancy and needs to be investigated thoroughly. One particular design constraint for cybersecurity for aeronautical multi-hop A/A networks is the topology of the underlying mesh network. The objectives of this paper are to investigate (1) the number of concurrent aircraft that are within communication range to each other and (2) the number of hops necessary to cover given distances and (3) to propose possible cybersecurity approaches for LDACS A/A in particular. With actual flight traces data from the OpenSky database for European air traffic, we identify high fluctuations of results based on the time of day and region. The following results were obtained: (1) concurrent aircraft are ranging from 0 to 258, (2) on an exemplary route from Istanbul to Dublin, ranging roughly 3000km, 9 hops were necessary on average with stable routes lasting 1m 21s on average and (3) up to 19% of the total stable connection time is used for establishing a secure Peer-to-Peer (P2P) tunnel via mutual authentication between all hops.

show abstract

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure Point-to-Point Long-Distance Multi-Hop Connections in a Dense Airplane Mesh-Network using LDACS

Jansen

Mäurer

Gräupl

2022

2022 IEEE/AIAA 41st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We present advantages of the latter with a dedicated A2G network with a centralized core since this can enable better harmonization en-route and flexibility in providing QoS for different applications and resource allocation. However, the authors of [445] focused on the required modifications on the radio access part of the already-existing ground cellular infrastructures to provide A2G connectivity. They suggested placing directional antenna arrays facing upward on the BSs for airplanes, so that they could maximize the Signal-to-noise Ratio (SNR) with beamforming.…”

Section: A Network Architectures For Airplanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Wireless Networks for Future Aerial COMmunications (FACOM)

Baltaci,

Dinc,

Ozger

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrification turned over a new leaf in aviation by introducing new types of aerial vehicles along with new means of transportation. Addressing a plethora of use cases, drones are gaining attention in the industry and increasingly appear in the sky. Emerging concepts of flying taxi enable passengers to be transported over several tens of kilometers. Therefore, unmanned traffic management systems are under development to cope with the complexity of future airspace, thereby resulting in unprecedented communication needs. Moreover, the long-term increase in the number of commercial airplanes pushes the limits of voice-oriented communications, and future options such as single-pilot operations demand robust connectivity. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review and vision for enabling the connectivity applications of aerial vehicles utilizing current and future communication technologies. We begin by categorizing the connectivity use cases per aerial vehicle and analyzing their connectivity requirements. By reviewing more than 500 related studies, we aim for a comprehensive approach to cover wireless communication technologies, and provide an overview of recent findings from the literature toward the possibilities and challenges of employing the wireless communication standards. After analyzing the proposed network architectures, we list the open-source testbed platforms to facilitate future investigations by researchers. This study helped us observe that while numerous works focused on cellular technologies to enable connectivity for aerial platforms, a single wireless technology is not sufficient to meet the stringent connectivity demands of the aerial use cases, especially for the piloting operations. We identified the need of further investigations on multi-technology heterogeneous network architectures to enable robust and real-time connectivity in the sky. Future works should consider suitable technology combinations to develop unified aerial networks that can meet the diverse quality of service demands of the aerial use cases.

show abstract