Architecture and stacking patterns of lower-slope and proximal basin-floor channelised submarine fans, Middle Eocene Ainsa System, Spanish Pyrenees: An integrated outcrop–subsurface study

Pickering, Kevin T.; Corregidor, Jordi; Clark, J. D.

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.11.017

Cited by 42 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The grooves observed on the surfaces of the quartz grains are straight, parallel, and V-shaped, suggesting that they are striations produced by glacial erosion (Whalley and Krinsley, 1974;Mahaney et al, 1996;Immonen, 2013). On the other hand, the rhythmic centimeter-scale intercalation between fine-grained sandstone with normal gradation and mudstone suggests deposition by low-density turbidity currents, and the meter-scale intercalations of massive to normally graded conglomerate and sandstone suggests deposition by the types of high-density turbidity currents associated with submarine fan systems (Pickering et al, 2015). A glacially influenced coastal to marine system is envisaged as the depositional environment that accommodated the sediments of the Serra Sul Formation (Fig.…”

Section: Data Interpretation and Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serra Sul diamictite of the Carajás Basin (Brazil): A Paleoproterozoic glaciation on the Amazonian craton

Araújo

Nogueira

2019

Geology

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This paper reports the discovery of glacial deposits of likely Siderian–Rhyacian age (2.58–2.06 Ga) in South America (Carajás Basin, Brazil), thereby expanding the potential reach of Paleoproterozoic glaciations to the Amazonian craton for the first time. Glacially derived diamictites are stacked within a hitherto unrecognized ∼600-m-thick siliciclastic succession, here named the Serra Sul Formation. Well-preserved textures, with evidence of glaciotectonism and ice rafting, indicate deposition in a coastal subglacial to glacial-fed submarine fan system, in which the immediately underlying units (banded iron formation and volcanic rock) were the main source and bedrock. The Serra Sul diamictite may be correlated with any of the known Paleoproterozoic glaciations, or with none of them.

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Section: Data Interpretation and Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serra Sul diamictite of the Carajás Basin (Brazil): A Paleoproterozoic glaciation on the Amazonian craton

Araújo

Nogueira

2019

Geology

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“…The reconstruction of the evolutionary history of an ancient turbidite system is one of the main goals of recent outcrop studies (e.g. Pickering et al, 2015;Di Celma et al, 2016;Greene & Surpless, 2017). For this purpose, the accurate interpretation of the stratigraphic record and the analysis of spatial and temporal changes in depositional architectures are of primary importance (e.g.…”

Section: Stratigraphic Evolution Of the Gorgoglione Flysch Deep-watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐scale analysis of a migrating submarine channel system in a tectonically‐confined basin: The Miocene Gorgoglione Flysch Formation, southern Italy

et al. 2018

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The Miocene Gorgoglione Flysch Formation records the stratigraphic product of protracted sediment transfer and deposition through a long‐lived submarine channel system developed in a narrow and elongate thrust‐top basin of the Southern Apennines (Italy). Channel‐fill deposits are exposed in an outcrop belt approximately 500 m thick and 15 km long, oriented oblique to the palaeoflow, which was roughly south‐eastward. These exceptional exposures of channel‐fill strata allow the stacking architectures and the evolution of the channel system to be analyzed at multiple scales, enabling the effects of syn‐sedimentary thrust tectonics and basin confinement on the depositional system development to be deciphered. Two end‐member types of elementary channel architecture have been identified: high‐aspect‐ratio, weakly‐confined channels, and low‐aspect‐ratio, incisional channels. Their systematic stacking results in a complex pattern of seismic‐scale depositional architectures that determines the stratigraphic framework of the deep‐water system. From the base of the succession, two prominent channel complex sets have been recognized, namely CS1 and CS2, consisting of amalgamated incisional channel elements and weakly‐confined channel elements. These channelized units are overlain by isolated incisional channels, erosional into mud‐prone slope deposits. The juxtaposition of different channel architectures is interpreted to have been governed by regional thrust‐tectonics, in combination with a high subsidence rate that promoted significant aggradation. In this scenario, the alternating ‘in sequence’ and ‘out of sequence’ tectonic pulses of the basin‐bounding thrusts controlled the activation of coarse‐clastic inputs in the basin and the resulting stacking architectures of channelized units. The tectonically‐driven confinement of the depositional system limited the lateral offset in channel stacking, preventing large‐scale avulsions. This study represents an excellent opportunity to analyze the stratigraphic evolution of a submarine channel system in tectonically‐active settings from an outcrop perspective. It should find wide applicability in analogous depositional systems, whose stratigraphic architecture has been influenced by tectonically‐controlled lateral confinement and associated lateral tilting.

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“…The model is constructed from the numerous geological observations on an outcrop located close to Ainsa town, in southern Pyrenees, Spain. This outcrop has been extensively studied as an analog of reservoirs offshore West Africa, and more generally for the overall understanding of turbidite systems (e.g., see Arbués et al, 2007;Pickering et al, 2015). Using internal software (OpenFlow Suite, 2015/2016) and an adapted workflow, we benefited from the extensive work of Schmitz et al (2014) for achieving a high resolution 3D virtual reconstruction of the outcrop using photogrammetric methods.…”

Section: Geological and Reservoir Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study focuses on the application of the workflow on Ainsa-1 quarry outcrop (South-central Pyrenean foreland basin in Spain), a well-known analog of turbiditic reservoirs offshore West Africa (e.g., Arbués et al, 2007;Falivene et al, 2006b;Pickering et al, 2015). Outcrop analogs have been studied for decades to constrain the physical geological properties of subsurface reservoirs and better understand depositional environments at the origin of petroleum systems and their architectures (Pringle et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A complete workflow applied on an oil reservoir analogue to evaluate the ability of 4D seismics to anticipate the success of a chemical enhanced oil recovery process

Dubos-Sallée

Fourno

Zarate-Rada

et al. 2020

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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In an Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) process, one of the main difficulties is to quickly evaluate if the injected chemical products actually improve oil recovery in the reservoir. The efficiency of the process can be monitored in the vicinity of wells, but it may take time to estimate it globally in the reservoir. The objective of this paper is to investigate the ability of 4D seismics to bridge this gap and to help predict the success or breakdown of a production strategy at reservoir scale. To that purpose, we consider a complete workflow for simulating realistic reservoir exploitation using chemical EOR and 4D seismic modeling. This workflow spans from geological description to seismic monitoring simulation and seismic attributes analysis, through geological and reservoir modeling. It is applied here on a realistic case study derived from an outcrop analog of turbiditic reservoirs, for which the efficiency of chemical EOR by polymer and surfactant injection is demonstrated. For this specific field monitoring application, the impact of both waterflooding and proposed EOR injection is visible on the computed seismics. However, EOR injection induces a more continuous water front that can be clearly visible on seismics. In this case, the EOR efficiency can thus be related to the continuity of the water front as seen on seismics. Nevertheless, in other cases, chemical EOR injections may have more moderate impacts, or the field properties may be less adapted to seismic monitoring. This points out the importance of the proposed workflow to check the relevance of seismic monitoring and to design the most adapted monitoring strategy. Numerous perspectives are proposed at the end of the paper. In particular, experts of the different disciplines involved in the proposed workflow can benefit from the availability of a complete set of well-controlled data of various types to test and improve their own tools. In contrast, the non-experts can easily and quickly benefit from “hands-on” experiments for understanding the involved phenomena. Furthermore, the proposed workflow can be directly applied to geological reservoirs all over the world.

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Architecture and stacking patterns of lower-slope and proximal basin-floor channelised submarine fans, Middle Eocene Ainsa System, Spanish Pyrenees: An integrated outcrop–subsurface study

Cited by 42 publications

References 69 publications

Serra Sul diamictite of the Carajás Basin (Brazil): A Paleoproterozoic glaciation on the Amazonian craton

Serra Sul diamictite of the Carajás Basin (Brazil): A Paleoproterozoic glaciation on the Amazonian craton

Multi‐scale analysis of a migrating submarine channel system in a tectonically‐confined basin: The Miocene Gorgoglione Flysch Formation, southern Italy

A complete workflow applied on an oil reservoir analogue to evaluate the ability of 4D seismics to anticipate the success of a chemical enhanced oil recovery process

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