Arctic ozone loss and climate change

Rex, Markus; Salawitch, R. J.; Gathen, Peter von der; Harris, Neil; Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Naujokat, B.

doi:10.1029/2003gl018844

Cited by 328 publications

(528 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A cluster of warm years with many occurrences of SSWs followed (Manney et al, 2005), while a return to very cold stratospheric conditions occurred in some recent winters (2004/2005; 2006/2007). The winter-mean PSC volume shows a near-linear compact relation to winter column ozone loss (Rex et al, 2004). The reported correlation between zonally-averaged meridional eddy heat fluxes and the polar temperatures falls short of identifying the meteorological phenomena in the troposphere associated with these flux variations, or their geographical origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…While the actual ozone depletion convolves the stratospheric chlorine loading with the PSC potential (the former is not constant, and has peaked in recent years), it nevertheless remains that the months when the stratosphere is exceedingly cold are the most relevant for ozone depletion, as occurred in the winters 1995(Rex et al, 2004. Further work is needed to understand the origin of tropospheric precursors to cold stratospheric anomalies, especially their potential links to surface and oceanic forcings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sixteen months with the largest averaged PSC v calculated from ERA-40 data over the range 200-10 mb are listed in the second column (hereafter ERA2). Note that the PSCv in Rex et al (2004) are in the more restricted range of 400 K-550 K, and hence smaller in absolute value. This calculation is done in order to demonstrate the influence of confining our study to the altitude range of 395-600 K isentropic levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of the Northern Hemisphere polar stratospheric cloud potential: the role of North Pacific disturbances

Orsolini

Karpechko

Nikulin

2009

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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ABSTRACT:The potential of the Arctic stratosphere to sustain the formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) is a key factor in determining the amount of ozone destroyed each winter, and is often measured as a 'PSC volume'. The latter quantity has been shown to closely follow a near-linear compact relationship with winter-averaged column ozone loss, and displays a high variability from monthly to decadal time-scales. We examine the connection between meteorological conditions in the troposphere and the variability of lower polar stratospheric temperatures over the last four decades, and specifically, conditions leading to a high PSC volume. In addition to the well-established connection between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the polar vortex, we demonstrate the large influence of precursory disturbances over the North Pacific and the Far East, the region of maximum climatological upward wave activity flux. Namely, very high monthly PSC volume (in the top 12%) predominantly follows the development of positive tropospheric height anomalies over the Far East, which lead to a weakening of the background planetary wave trough, and lessened upward wave activity flux into the stratosphere. Precursory anomalies over the Far East are reminiscent of East Asian monsoon amplification episodes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of the Northern Hemisphere polar stratospheric cloud potential: the role of North Pacific disturbances

Orsolini

Karpechko

Nikulin

2009

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…NAT is one of the most important compounds that induce heterogeneous ozone depletion over the Arctic [see, e.g., Peter, 1997]. (2) The areas were accumulated over the months from December to the month of the ozone measurement because it has been empirically shown that the Arctic ozone depletion is proportional to the accumulated PSC volume [Rex et al, 2004]. The influence of polar ozone depletion mainly reaches the midlatitude stations after the breakdown of the polar vortex, which usually occurs in late winter or early spring.…”

Section: A32 Remaining Global Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical modeling of total ozone: Selection of appropriate explanatory variables

et al. 2007

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[1] A set of 44 potential explanatory variables is used for statistical modeling of monthly mean total ozone values of 158 ground-based stations. A stepwise elimination process leads to zonally optimized multiple regression models, which account for approximately 78% of the variance in total ozone in the tropics, 85% south of 60°S and more than 90% in the three remaining zones while only retaining six explanatory variables in the model. In all regions the dynamics appear to dominate ozone variability, which is primarily described by a proxy specifically designed to describe the effects of short-term isentropic excursions at different altitude levels and the compression/expansion of air connected to convergence/divergence. The influence of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC) is also important in all regions, indicating the significant effects of anthropogenic emissions of ozone depleting substances (ODS). In addition to the dynamics and EESC, the influence of volcanic eruptions, represented by the integrated surface area density of stratospheric aerosols (SAD), has the largest impact on total ozone in northern regions. The results of the analysis are less clear in the Southern Hemisphere where only a few long-enough ozone time series are available.

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“…[2] It is well known that the ozone plays a very important role in global weather and climate [Kiehl et al, 1999;Rex et al, 2004]. The total ozone column (TOC) in the atmosphere attenuates by absorption the incoming ultraviolet (UV) radiation modifying its spectral distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total ozone and solar erythemal irradiance in southwestern Spain: Day‐to‐day variability and extreme episodes

Antón

Serrano

Cancillo

et al. 2008

Geophysical Research Letters

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This paper focuses on the influence of short‐term changes in total ozone column (TOC) on the variability of ultraviolet erythemal irradiance (UVER) at Badajoz (southwestern Spain). The study is performed on clear sky cases when the contribution of cloudiness and aerosols can be neglected. The period of study extends from 2001 to 2005. The results show that a reduction of 5% in TOC between two consecutive days may cause an increase of about 10% in UVER. The UVER variability associated to day‐to‐day changes in TOC presents a clear seasonal cycle with minimum values in summer and maximum in winter. Considering the monthly mean TOC value plus/minus two standard deviation as thresholds for identifying extreme events, the number of episodes with extreme low and high ozone amount was 54 and 9, respectively. The low ozone events occurred mainly in winter, causing a maximum increase of 30% in UVER.

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Arctic ozone loss and climate change

Cited by 328 publications

References 19 publications

Variability of the Northern Hemisphere polar stratospheric cloud potential: the role of North Pacific disturbances

Variability of the Northern Hemisphere polar stratospheric cloud potential: the role of North Pacific disturbances

Statistical modeling of total ozone: Selection of appropriate explanatory variables

Total ozone and solar erythemal irradiance in southwestern Spain: Day‐to‐day variability and extreme episodes

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