Are Canned Beverages Industries Progressively Switching to Bisphenol AF?

Abstract

Seven bisphenols, endocrine‐disruptor chemicals, were analytically determined for risk assessment in 52 large‐consumption beverages collected from the Italian market. The analytes under examination were bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol E, bisphenol B, bisphenol AF, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and bisphenol M. The concentration levels of all bisphenols detected ranged from <LOQ to 1,358 ng/mL in beers and from <LOQ to 76 ng/mL in energy drinks. The results of this monitoring study demonstrate the high presence of some congeners in beers, such as bisphenol AF, for which a European regulation is not yet available. Although the concentrations of the investigated bisphenols and that are under European regulations for migration into the food (Bisphenol A and BADGE) resulted below the legal limits in all screened beverages, the importance of their presence in foods should not be underestimated. Indeed, the safety of these analogues has not entirely been demonstrated and they could contribute to the total daily intake of endocrine disruptors, with special regards to specific demographics.

The occurrence of selected endocrine‐disrupting chemicals in water and sediments from an urban lagoon in Southern Italy

“…The predominance of BADGE (77% water and 61% sediments) suggests that although BPA is still the most widely manufactured and used bisphenol in Italy, other analogues are being progressively utilized by industries and consequently in the human activities as an alternative. This is consistent with monitoring results in food and biological samples (Gonzalez et al, ,2019, 2020; Russo et al, 2019). A consideration of the assessment of the potential risk for species living in this lagoon should be made taking into account the results according to the Equation ().…”

Biomonitoring and temporal trends of bisphenols exposure in Japanese school children

“…However, imported canned foods may still be a relatively substantial route of exposure to BPA, and to its analogues (Gonzalez et al 2020;Russo et al 2019b). Moreover, exposure to BPA and other bisphenols might come from other food contact materials or packaging as well (European Food Safety Authority 2015; Liao et al 2011).…”

“…Since our questionnaire was not designed specifically to assess exposure from diet, interpretations of our results regarding food consumption should be handled with caution. Exposure to bisphenols through food most likely originates from the packaging of the food, such as cans and containers or wraps made of plastic or recycled paper, from which bisphenols may migrate into the foodstuffs (Gonzalez et al 2020;Liao et al 2011;Russo et al 2019b;Teeguarden et al 2011). Although diet is the major exposure route to BPA, these suspected specific exposure contributors (e.g.…”

“…These regulations are causing manufacturers to shift away from BPA and use alternative compounds for specific applications instead. Recently, analogues such as bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol AF (BPAF), and bisphenol Z (BPZ) have been detected in (thermal) paper (Bjornsdotter et al 2017;Liao et al 2012c;Vervliet et al 2019), foodstuffs (Grumetto et al 2013;Liao et al 2013;Russo et al 2019a;Russo et al 2019b) and house dust (Liao et al 2012b). The presence of BPA and its analogues has also been reported in specific products intended for use by children (Asimakopoulos et al 2016;Xue et al 2017).…”

Short-term variability of bisphenols in spot, morning void and 24-hour urine samples

“…Several studies have found these BPA analogues in various matrices, e.g. indoor dust (Liao et al, 2012b), sediments (Liao et al, 2012d) and different foodstuffs (Grumetto et al, 2013;Liao and Kannan, 2013;Chen et al, 2016;Russo et al, 2019a;Russo et al, 2019b). Little is known about the potential toxicity of these BPA alternatives, but there are indications that they too could have endocrine-disrupting or other detrimental properties (Rochester and Bolden, 2015;Gramec Skledar and Peterlin Masic, 2016;Bjornsdotter et al, 2017;Pelch et al, 2019), illustrating the importance of monitoring the human exposure to these chemicals.…”