“…These criteria were derived from a thorough analysis of existing literature, ensuring that there were no definitive right or wrong answers, and the student's understanding of each criterion was clarified. The test consisted of fifteen cases spanning the dimensions of science, technology, society, and environment, aligned with previous studies (Altisent, Buil, & Delgado-Marroquin, 2012;Zhang, Zhang, & Wang, 2023).…”