Are novel aryl phosphates competitors for bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) in halogen-free flame-retarded polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends?

Wawrzyn, Eliza; Schartel, Bernhard; Ciesielski, Michael; Kretzschmar, Bernd; Braun, Ulrike; Döring, Manfred

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.06.015

Cited by 50 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For MWCNT, the anti‐dripping effect and its impact on OI and UL 94 have been reported before . Hence, well‐dispersed carbon nanomaterials behaved similar to anti‐dripping agents like PTFE and LS in thermoplastics …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Carbon black, multiwall carbon nanotubes, expanded graphite and functionalized graphene flame retarded polypropylene nanocomposites

Dittrich

Wartig

Hofmann

et al. 2013

Polymers for Advanced Techs

Self Cite

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herein, we examine the influence of adding functionalized graphene (FG), distinct expanded graphites and carbon nanofillers such as carbon black and multiwall carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties, morphology, pyrolysis, response to small flame and burning behavior of a V-2 classified flame-retarded polypropylene (PP). Among carbon fillers, FG and multilayer graphene (MLG) containing fewer than 10 layers are very effectively dispersed during twin-screw extrusion and account for enhanced matrix reinforcement. In contrast to the other fillers, no large agglomerates are detected for PP-FR/FG and PP-FR/MLG, as verified by electron microscopy. Adding FG to flame-retardant PP prevents dripping due to reduced flow at low shear rates and shifts the onset of thermal decomposition to temperatures 40°C higher. The increase in the onset temperature correlates with the increasing specific surface areas (BET) of the layered carbon fillers. The reduction of the peak heat release rate by 76% is attributed to the formation of effective protection layers during combustion. The addition of layered carbon nanoparticles lowers the time to ignition. The presence of carbon does not change the composition of the evolved pyrolysis gases, as determined by thermogravimetric analysis combined with online Fourier-transformed infrared measurements. FG and well-exfoliated MLG are superior additives with respect to spherical and tubular carbon nanomaterials.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Carbon black, multiwall carbon nanotubes, expanded graphite and functionalized graphene flame retarded polypropylene nanocomposites

Dittrich

Wartig

Hofmann

et al. 2013

Polymers for Advanced Techs

Self Cite

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For the analysis of dripping behaviour, the region of low shear rates is of principal interest. Only in this region does the addition of PTFE influence the curve shape, considerably changing the melt flow and dripping behaviour without deteriorating the improved processability . Without PTFE, the shear stress decreases with decreasing shear rates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the vertical UL 94 test: competition and collaboration between melt dripping, gasification and combustion

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYAn experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on the fire behaviour of bisphenol A polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS) in the vertical UL 94 scenario is presented. Four PC/ABS blends were discussed, which satisfy different UL 94 classifications due to the competing effects of gasification, charring, flame inhibition and melt flow/dripping. For numerical investigation, the particle finite element method (PFEM) is used. Its capability to model the complex fire behaviour of polymers in the UL 94 is analysed. The materials' properties are characterised, in particular the additives impact on the dripping behaviour during thermal exposure. BDP is an efficient plasticiser; adding PTFE prevents dripping by causing a flow limit. PFEM simulations reproduce the dripping and burning behaviour, in particular the competition between gasification and dripping. The thermal impact of both the burner and the flame is approximated taking into account flame inhibition, charring and effective heat of combustion. PFEM is a promising numerical tool for the investigation of the fire behaviour of polymers, particularly when large deformations are involved. Not only the principal phenomena but also the different UL 94 classifications and the extinction times are well predicted.

show abstract

“…The studies on the effect of various functionalized fillers in PC/ABS composites have revealed that the lack of interfacial adhesion between the filler and PC/ABS blend led to lowering of mechanical strength . The effect of various flame retardants on the mechanical properties has been assessed by Wawrzyn et al . A combination of mixed phosphates filler additives had a synergistic effect on fire retardancy as reported by Despinasse and Schartel .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mechanical and flammability characteristics of PC/ABS composites loaded with flyash cenospheres and multiwalled carbon nanotubes

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PC/ABS nanocomposites have been developed using a mixture of acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f‐MWCNT) and aminoproply triethoxysilane‐treated cenospheres. The mechanical and flammability characteristics have been determined as per ASTM standards. The addition of a small quantity (∼1%) of MWCNT further enhanced the compressive strength by 70% while the compressive modulus doubled. The use of macrofiller in combination with the nanofillers led to synergism as observed by reduction of mean heat release rates for these composites. The formation of char residues and a uniform char layer has also been observed by thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry. Both fillers were surface treated which in turn led to improved interfacial adhesion as analyzed by micromechanical models. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:1043–1052, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

show abstract

Are novel aryl phosphates competitors for bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) in halogen-free flame-retarded polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends?

Cited by 50 publications

References 24 publications

Carbon black, multiwall carbon nanotubes, expanded graphite and functionalized graphene flame retarded polypropylene nanocomposites

Carbon black, multiwall carbon nanotubes, expanded graphite and functionalized graphene flame retarded polypropylene nanocomposites

Modelling the vertical UL 94 test: competition and collaboration between melt dripping, gasification and combustion

Mechanical and flammability characteristics of PC/ABS composites loaded with flyash cenospheres and multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About