Are slot and sub-wavelength grating waveguides better than strip waveguides for sensing?

Kita, Derek; Michon, Jérôme; Johnson, Steven G.; Hu, Juejun

doi:10.1364/optica.5.001046

Cited by 127 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Importantly, the use of high-index dielectric materials that replace noble metals in plasmonics present a particular advantage from both cost and scalability perspectives, especially considering that anapoles and BIC are generally engineered in rather simple geometrical structures that can be integrated into an on-chip circuitry. The use of resonant structures may improve substantially both performance and efficiency of subwavelength integrated photonics actively discussed in the current literature [163,164].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonradiating photonics with resonant dielectric nanostructures

et al. 2019

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Nonradiating sources of energy have traditionally been studied in quantum mechanics and astrophysics, while receiving a very little attention in the photonics community. This situation has changed recently due to a number of pioneering theoretical studies and remarkable experimental demonstrations of the exotic states of light in dielectric resonant photonic structures and metasurfaces, with the possibility to localize efficiently the electromagnetic fields of high intensities within small volumes of matter. These recent advances underpin novel concepts in nanophotonics, and provide a promising pathway to overcome the problem of losses usually associated with metals and plasmonic materials for the efficient control of the light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. This review paper provides the general background and several snapshots of the recent results in this young yet prominent research field, focusing on two types of nonradiating states of light that both have been recently at the center of many studies in all-dielectric resonant meta-optics and metasurfaces: optical anapoles and photonic bound states in the continuum. We discuss a brief history of these states in optics, their underlying physics and manifestations, and also emphasize their differences and similarities. We also review some applications of such novel photonic states in both linear and nonlinear optics for the nanoscale field enhancement, a design of novel dielectric structures with high-resonances, nonlinear wave mixing and enhanced harmonic generation, as well as advanced concepts for lasing and optical neural networks. arXiv:1903.04756v1 [physics.optics]

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonradiating photonics with resonant dielectric nanostructures

et al. 2019

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“…However, it is worth mentioning that the gap structures e.g. sub-wavelength grating (SWG) and narrow slot waveguide offer many folds of signal enhancement as compared to a strip or rib waveguide [23]. Si 3 N 4 strip waveguides used for our experiments are fabricated on a 200 mm silicon wafer containing a stack of 2.3 ± 0.1µm thick high-density plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) silicon oxide SiO 2 and 220 nm thick PECVD Si 3 N 4 [24].…”

Section: Investigated Photonic Platforms and Fabrication Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High index contrast photonic platforms for on-chip Raman spectroscopy

Raza¹,

Clemmen²,

Wuytens³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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Nanophotonic waveguide enhanced Raman spectroscopy (NWERS) is a sensing technique that uses a highly confined waveguide mode to excite and collect the Raman scattered signal from molecules in close vicinity of the waveguide. The most important parameters defining the figure of merit of an NWERS sensor include its ability to collect the Raman signal from an analyte i.e. "the Raman conversion efficiency" and the amount of "Raman background" generated from the guiding material. Here, we compare different photonic integrated circuit (PIC) platforms capable of on-chip Raman sensing in terms of the aforementioned parameters. Among the four photonic platforms under study, tantalum oxide and silicon nitride waveguides exhibit high signal collection efficiency and low Raman background. In contrast, the performance of titania and alumina waveguides suffers from a strong Raman background and a weak signal collection efficiency respectively.

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“…3) indicates that the smallest loss change measurable in our setup is 0.17 dB, corresponding to a CO 2 concentration of 330 ppm. According to the measured FOM, the optimal length [19,23] for our waveguide to sense present-day atmospheric levels of CO 2 , i.e. 400 ppm, is 9 mm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide absorption spectroscopy with a mid-infrared silicon photonic waveguide

Ottonello-Briano¹,

Errando-Herranz²,

Rödjegård³

et al. 2019

Opt. Lett.

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Carbon dioxide is a vital gas for life on Earth, a waste product of human activities, and widely used in agriculture and industry. Its accurate sensing is therefore of great interest. Optical sensors exploiting the mid-infrared light absorption of CO 2 provide high selectivity, but their large size and high cost limit their use. Here, we demonstrate CO 2 gas sensing at 4.2 µm wavelength using an integrated silicon waveguide, featuring a sensitivity to CO 2 of 44 % that of freespace sensing. The suspended waveguide is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate by a single-lithography-step process, and we route it into a mid-infrared photonic circuit for on-chipreferenced gas measurements. Its demonstrated performance and its simple and scalable fabrication make our waveguide ideal for integration in miniaturized CO 2 sensors for distributed environmental monitoring, personal safety, medical, and high-volume consumer applications.Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is an atmospheric trace gas and, being the carbon source in the carbon cycle, it is vital to life on Earth. It is also a waste product of human activities and massively used in agriculture and industry. The atmospheric CO 2 concentration is growing at an ever increasing rate and reached 410 ppm in 2018 [1]. Besides affecting Earth's climate [2,3], elevated CO 2 levels increase air pollution mortality [4], and gross leakage of CO 2 puts personnel at risk of asphyxiation [5]. Indoors, high CO 2 levels deteriorate human cognitive function and decisionmaking [6][7][8], with consequences spanning from reduced attention and productivity in classrooms and offices [6,7] to an increased risk for car and airplane accidents [8]. Extensive and accurate sensing of CO 2 is therefore crucial.Optical CO 2 sensors would benefit most applications, due to their high selectivity, fast response, and minimal drift, compared to electrochemical and metal-oxide semiconductor-based sen-arXiv:1907.06967v1 [physics.app-ph]

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Are slot and sub-wavelength grating waveguides better than strip waveguides for sensing?

Cited by 127 publications

References 103 publications

Nonradiating photonics with resonant dielectric nanostructures

Nonradiating photonics with resonant dielectric nanostructures

High index contrast photonic platforms for on-chip Raman spectroscopy

Carbon dioxide absorption spectroscopy with a mid-infrared silicon photonic waveguide

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