Are there disparities in the location of automated external defibrillators in England?

Factors affecting public access defibrillator placement decisions in the United Kingdom: A survey study

“… 35 Similar results have been found elsewhere in the UK and other parts of the world. 36 Other respondents will attempt to prioritise placing PADs in locations that they estimate will benefit the greatest number of people in the community - such as areas of high footfall and population density. Respondents frequently look at current PAD provision in an area and potential gaps in provision as a proxy measure of risk and estimated need.…”

The effect of ethnicity and socioeconomic status on outcomes after resuscitated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest – Findings from a tertiary centre in South London

“…Ethnic and SES discrepancies following OOHCA are well documented, with Black patients known to suffer from higher all-cause mortality than White patients. 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 There are several potential causes for this apparent disparity, including pre-existing chronic health inequalities, 24 OOHCA circumstances, access to public access defibrillation, 25 and also to specialist CAC care. 26 Limiting unwarranted variation in care based on ethnicity and SES is a priority of many healthcare systems across all conditions, including the NHS.…”

Health inequities in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

“…Unfortunately, there are disparities in the provision of PADs. A recent study of PADs registered with ambulance services in England found there was a significant correlation between levels of deprivation and PAD coverage, with access to a PAD being worst in the most deprived neighbourhoods [56 ▪ ]. PADs were disproportionately placed in neighbourhoods with greater proportions of residents in managerial/professional occupations and fewer non-white residents.…”

“…Given the growing evidence of the influence of socio-economic and ethnicity variables throughout the chain of survival, there is justification to collect these variables in future research and audit. Patient ethnicity and deprivation are not currently part of the OHCA Utstein elements, but are collected in multiple OHCA registries [7,56 ▪ ,84–88]. A report in 2015 concluded that these variables could be limited by missing or unreliable data [89].…”