Areca nut and its role in oral submucous fibrosis

Prabhu, Rachana V; Prabhu, Vishnudas; Chatra, Laxmikanth; Shenai, Prashanth; Suvarna, Nithin; Dandekeri, Savita

doi:10.4317/jced.51318

Cited by 79 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…This indicated that at certain point, the damage caused by BQ may be too severe or irreversible for BQ cessation to overcome. For example, BQ is a major risk factor for oral submucous fibrosis, an irreversible potentially malignant disorder that is characterized by juxta-epithelial inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues [16]. The malignant transformation rate of OSF was estimated at 7.6% for a follow-up period of 17 years [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Analysis on the Association between Tobacco-Free Betel Quid and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer in Taiwanese Men

Yen

Hsiao

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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ObjectivesAlthough betel quid (BQ) is an established risk factor of head and neck cancer (HNC), insufficiencies exist in the literature regarding the dose-response, BQ types, HNC sites, and BQ cessation. The current study was conducted to fill these insufficiencies.Materials and MethodsA hospital-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate the association between BQ and HNC. In-person interview was conducted to collect data on BQ chewing. The current analysis included 487 men newly diagnosed with HNC and 617 male controls who were frequency-matched to the cases by age. The association between BQ and HNC was assessed using multivariable unconditional logistic regression.ResultsEver BQ chewing was associated with an increased HNC risk regardless of the BQ types. A non-linear positive association between BQ and HNC was observed, with a steep rise in HNC risk for the first 5 pack-years or 200,000 minutes of BQ consumption. Every year of BQ cessation was associated with a 2.9% reduction in HNC risk; however, the risk did not reduce to the level of non-BQ chewers even after 20 years of BQ cessation. Eliminating BQ chewing may prevent 51.6% of HNCs, 62.6% of oral cancers, and 41.3% of pharyngeal cancers in Taiwan.ConclusionOur results supported the positive association between BQ and HNC. BQ cessation is effective in reducing HNC risk and should be encouraged. Because BQ cessation may not reduce the HNC risk to the level of non-BQ chewers, it is important to prevent the initiation of BQ chewing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Analysis on the Association between Tobacco-Free Betel Quid and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer in Taiwanese Men

Yen

Hsiao

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…In fact, current investigations indicated that the most serious side-effects of arecoline are the oral toxicities Chen et al 2014). Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant disease predominantly seen in people of Asian; epidemiological surveys provide valid evidence that chewing AN can lead to OSF, and arecoline is the main etiological factor (Prabhu et al 2014;Hosein et al 2015). It could interfere with the molecular processes of deposition and/or degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, such as collagen, causing imbalance in the normal process (Utsunomiya et al 2005;Tilakaratne et al 2006;Arakeri & Brennan 2013).…”

Section: Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The pharmacology, toxicology and potential applications of arecoline: a review

Liu

Peng

et al. 2016

Pharmaceutical Biology

114

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Context: Arecoline is an effective constituent of Areca catechu L. (Arecaceae) with various pharmacological effects. However, investigations also revealed that long use of arecoline could arouse some oral diseases. Objective: The present review gathers the fragmented information available in the literature (before 1 October 2015) regarding pharmacology and toxicology of arecoline. We also discussed the potential developments and applications of arecoline in the future. Methods: All the available information regarding the arecoline is compiled from scientific databases, including Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, etc. Results: Previous research demonstrated that arecoline is one of the major effective constituents in A. catechu. Additionally, arecoline has a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including effects on nervous, cardiovascular, digestive and endocrine systems and anti-parasitic effects. What's more, arecoline is reported to be the primary toxic constituent of A. catechu, and the main toxic effects include oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and genotoxicity. Conclusion: Arecoline has great potential to be a therapeutic drug for various ailments. However, further investigations are needed in the future to reduce or eliminate its toxicities before developing into new drug. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic debilitating disease of the oral mucosa with a high risk of malignant transformation. OSF is mainly associated with the practice of betel quid chewing . Hence, OSF is predominantly seen in population groups from South and Southeast Asia .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OSF is mainly associated with the practice of betel quid chewing . Hence, OSF is predominantly seen in population groups from South and Southeast Asia . OSF usually affects young individuals aged 20‐40 years old, with a striking male predilection, and an estimated prevalence of 6.42 per 1000 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aloe vera in treatment of oral submucous fibrosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Al‐Maweri

Ashraf

Lingam

et al. 2018

J Oral Pathology Medicine

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The management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is quite challenging, and as yet, no effective therapy is available for its management. The present systematic review and meta‐analysis sought to assess the effectiveness of aloe vera in alleviating pain and clinical signs of OSF. A comprehensive search in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify the relevant randomized clinical trials. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis. Six randomized controlled trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results of meta‐analysis showed statistically significant differences between aloe vera and control groups in alleviating pain/burning sensation at the end of the first and second month, in favor of aloe vera, but no significant differences were found at the end of the third month. With regard to objective clinical outcomes, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups. Aloe vera has a promising effect in reducing pain/burning sensation and clinical improvement in patients with OSF. However, owing to the marked heterogeneity of the included studies, conducting well‐designed trials with long follow‐up periods, standardized outcome measures and adequate sample sizes are warranted.

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Areca nut and its role in oral submucous fibrosis

Cited by 79 publications

References 36 publications

A Comprehensive Analysis on the Association between Tobacco-Free Betel Quid and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer in Taiwanese Men

A Comprehensive Analysis on the Association between Tobacco-Free Betel Quid and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer in Taiwanese Men

The pharmacology, toxicology and potential applications of arecoline: a review

Aloe vera in treatment of oral submucous fibrosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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