Arsenic speciation with gradient hydride generation interfacing liquid chromatography and atomic absorption spectrometry

Complementary chromatography separation combined with hydride generation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for arsenic speciation in human urine

“…Hence, it is critical to separate AsB from the other arsenicals in a speciation analysis to achieve more accurate determination of the individual concentrations of inorganic arsenic and methylated metabolites. In arsenic speciation analysis, many chromatographic separation techniques have been developed, e.g., ion pairing [19,20], cation exchange [21,22], and anion exchange chromatography [8,21,22], along with various detection methods, e.g., atomic absorption [10,[23][24][25][26], atomic emission [20,25,27,28], atomic fluorescence [9,24,25,29,30], and ICPMS [6,22,24,31]. In particular, the HPLC-ICPMS combination has been used extensively to perform arsenic speciation analysis because of its wide dynamic range, high selectivity, and low detection limit [22,24].…”

Vapor generation – atomic spectrometric techniques. Expanding frontiers through specific-species preconcentration. A review

“…Since only few atomic spectrometric techniques are selective for the determination of species, sample pretreatments becomes a prominent feature that enables the possibility to discriminate between total content of a trace element and the content of each individual chemical form in which it occurs. The quantitation of individual forms of an analyte is termed speciation analysis (specific-species determination); and most analytical methods employed for speciation involve the hyphenation of an atomic spectrometric detector with a separation technique namely chromatography (LC or GC) [7,12,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], capillary electrophoresis (CE) [25][26][27], solid phase extraction (SPE) [13,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with its variants [38][39][40][41][42][43], among others. The vapor generation is thus a derivatization step after the separation process that preconcentrate further the analyte(s) with considerable improvements in selectivity [6].…”

Recent advances in speciation analysis of mercury, arsenic and selenium

“…In elemental speciation using hydride generation, the conversion efficiencies of species into corresponding hydrides are dependent on various factors. For example, the concentration of HCl required to convert As(V) to its hydride is much higher than that for DMA(V) [81]. Thus, optimized experimental conditions for DMA(V) is not necessary suitable for As(V).…”

“…Thus, optimized experimental conditions for DMA(V) is not necessary suitable for As(V). Accordingly, a gradient hydride generation interface between LC and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was developed by Tian et al [81] for speciation of As(V), As(III), MMA, DMA and TMAO. Six mol/L HCl was used for the hydride generation of As(V), As(III) and MMA and then the valve was switched to introduce 0.6 mol/L HCl as hydride generation medium for DMA and TMAO.…”