Artemia salina as a model organism in toxicity assessment of nanoparticles

Abstract

BackgroundBecause of expanding presence of nanomaterials, there has been an increase in the exposure of humans to nanoparticles that is why nanotoxicology studies are important. A number of studies on the effects of nanomatrials in in vitro and in vivo systems have been published. Currently cytotoxicity of different nanoparticles is assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on different cell lines to determine cell viability, a tedious and expensive method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Artemia salina test in comparison with the MTT assay in the assessment of cytotoxicity of nanostructures because the former method is more rapid and convenient and less expensive.MethodsAt the first stage, toxicity of different nanoparticles with different concentrations (1.56–400 μg/mL) was measured by means of the brine shrimp lethality test. At the second stage, the effect of nanoparticles on the viability of the L929 cell line was assessed using the MTT assay. Experiments were conducted with each concentration in triplicate.ResultsThe results obtained from both tests (A. salina test and MTT assay) did not have statistically significant differences (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the A. salina test may expedite toxicity experiments and decrease costs, and therefore, may be considered an alternative to the in vitro cell culture assay.

Pre‐clinical evidence of safety and protective effect of isatin and oxime derivatives against malathion‐induced toxicity

“…The same toxicity studies reported that the A salina lethality assay shows similar results to those found in other biological models 27,48 and can be used to study toxicity. However, the validity of using A salina as a screen has not been fully established for oxime-type compounds, so there may not be a direct correlation of the toxicological or pharmacological effects of oximes among A salina and other species.…”

Apigenin inhibits growth of the Plasmodium berghei and disrupts some metabolic pathways in mice

“…The general toxicity of apigenin on A. salina was assessed according to a previous study (Rajabi, Ramazani, Hamidi, & Naji, ). Briefly, A. salina eggs were transferred into a flask containing sodium chloride distilled water.…”

“…The general toxicity of apigenin on A. salina was assessed according to a previous study (Rajabi, Ramazani, Hamidi, & Naji, 2015). Briefly,…”

<I>Artemia salina</I> Lethality and Histopathological Studies of Siam Weed, <I>Chromolaena odorata</I>

“…The genus Artemia is commonly known as the brine shrimp is a small crustacean, which has a short life cycle and can be studied in large number, a distinct advantage over the vertebrates. It is an important model organism in scientific research, such as toxicological evaluation of nanoparticles 2 , heavy metal 3 , and plant products 4 . It has been established as a safe, practical and economic method to determine the bioactivity of plant constituents, i.e., Brazilian 5 ; Savannah 6 ; Indian 7 ; Sudanese 8 ; and Tanzania 9 medicinal plants.…”