Arterial Sampler Filling Time During Arterial and Venous Punctures, and Its Relationship with Mean Arterial Pressure in Human Subjects

Bender, Jeffrey; Allison, Jennie R; Goehring, Jeremy J; Patel, Mihal D; Niederst, Sean M; Douce, F Herbert

doi:10.4187/respcare.01713

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…Arterial blood pressure is correlated with the filling time of syringes with 23 G needles [ 20 ]. While we did not record the arterial blood pressure of our patients, the time required to fill the syringes may explain the lack of a significant difference in pain experienced by patients between the needle gauges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Needle Gauge on the Pain and Anxiety Experienced during Radial Arterial Puncture

et al. 2015

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BackgroundArterial punctures for assessment of arterial blood-gases can be a painful procedure. Lidocaine can be used to reduce pain prior to needle insertion but it is not a widely accepted practice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a large size needle induces more pain compared to a smaller size needle for radial arterial puncture and to assess the anxiety associated with radial arterial punctures.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled, monocentric study including all outpatients who had a planned assessment of arterial blood gas analysis. Patients were randomized to have the arterial puncture performed with a 23 or a 25 G needle. The main judgement criteria was pain during arterial puncture. Visual analogue scale for pain (VAS-P) and visual analogue scale for anxiety (VAS-A) were used to assess pain and anxiety during radial arterial puncture.ResultsTwo hundred consecutive patients were randomized. The 25 G needle was as painful as the 23 G needle (6.63 mm [0–19 mm] vs. 5.21 mm [0–18.49 mm], respectively, p = 0.527). Time for arterial puncture was longer with the 25 G needle than with the 23 G needle (42 s [35–55 s] vs. 33 s [24.5–35 s], respectively, p = 0.002). There was a correlation between the level of anxiety prior to the arterial puncture and the pain experienced by the patients (p: 0.369, p<0.0001). There was a correlation between the pain experienced by patients and the anxiety experienced in anticipation of another arterial puncture (p: 0.5124, p<0.0001).ConclusionsThe use of 23 G needle allows quicker arterial sampling and is not associated with increased pain and symptoms. Anxiety was correlated with the pain experienced by patients during arterial punctures.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov: NCT02320916

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Needle Gauge on the Pain and Anxiety Experienced during Radial Arterial Puncture

et al. 2015

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The Effects of Abnormal Blood Pressure on Arterial Sampler Filling Times

et al. 2013

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BACKGROUND: Sampler filling time begins with the initial flash of blood in the needle hub until the preset sampler volume is obtained. Previous studies have shown statistically significant differences between arterial and venous sampler filling times, but included only a few subjects with abnormal blood pressures. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the time required to fill a vented arterial sampler is an accurate indication of a successful arterial blood sample in adults with abnormal blood pressure. We hypothesized that mean arterial pressure and arterial sampler filling time would have a negative correlation, and that venous sampler filling time would be significantly longer than arterial filling time. METHODS: We studied 40 subjects: 25 arterial subjects, and 15 venous subjects. The arterial subjects included 3 groups: hypertensive, hypotensive, or normal. During the arterial and venipuncture procedures, we measured sampler filling time and recorded blood volume. The P O 2 of the samples was measured. Additionally, blood pressure and S pO 2 were measured in the arterial group. RESULTS: The mean sampler filling time was 220.4 s/mL for the venous group, and 18.1 s/mL for all 3 arterial groups combined. There were significant differences between each mean arterial sampler filling rate and mean venous filling rate (P < .001). There were no significant differences in mean sampler filling rate between the arterial subgroups (P > .99). The correlation between mean arterial pressure and filling rates was 0.06 (P ‫؍‬ .38). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant difference between arterial and venous filling rates. There was no relationship between filling time and abnormal mean arterial pressure. Regardless of the arterial pressure, the arterial sampler filling time can be used as an indicator of a successful arterial puncture at the bedside.

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Comparison of Sampler Filling Times Among Selected Arterial Blood Samplers

Adu-Yeboah

Kagarise

et al. 2014

Respir Care

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BACKGROUND: True arterial blood samples are essential in making clinical decisions for respiratory patients. Previous studies using only the Portex Pro-Vent arterial sampler have shown a significant difference between arterial and venous filling times. The goal of this study was to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between sampler filling times measured at a normal mean arterial pressure among multiple arterial samplers with plungers and to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in filling times between venous and normal mean arterial pressures for a sampler without a plunger. METHODS: We assembled an extracorporeal laboratory model to circulate a synthetic compound composed of 0.9% sodium chloride solution and Life/form artificial blood, and we used hemostats to create pressures within the circuit. We randomly selected samplers and measured the filling times of 4 arterial samplers with plungers at a normal mean arterial pressure (93 ؎ 1 mm Hg). We also measured the filling time of one arterial sampler without a plunger at a normal mean arterial pressure and at a simulated venous pressure (9 ؎ 2 mm Hg). We used the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance to compare arterial filling times in samplers, and we used a t test for independent samples to compare venous and arterial filling times in the sampler without a plunger. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between sampler filling times among the 4 arterial samplers with a plunger (P < .001). There was a statistically significant difference between arterial and venous pressure filling times for the sampler without a plunger (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Although there was a statistically significant difference between arterial filling times among various samplers with plungers, the difference was < 1 s and was not deemed clinically important. Regardless of the sampler brand being used, respiratory therapists and other clinicians performing arterial punctures can use sampler filling time to identify a successful arterial puncture while drawing blood.

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Arterial Sampler Filling Time During Arterial and Venous Punctures, and Its Relationship with Mean Arterial Pressure in Human Subjects

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Needle Gauge on the Pain and Anxiety Experienced during Radial Arterial Puncture

A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Needle Gauge on the Pain and Anxiety Experienced during Radial Arterial Puncture

The Effects of Abnormal Blood Pressure on Arterial Sampler Filling Times

Comparison of Sampler Filling Times Among Selected Arterial Blood Samplers

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