Arterial Thoracic Vascularization in Some Deer Species: Pampas Deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus), Brown Brocket Deer (Mazama gouazoubira) and Axis Deer (Axis axis)

Abstract

In this study, the arterial distributions of the aortic arches of three deer species (Axis axis, Ozotoceros bezoarticus and Mazama gouazoubira) were described. The animals were dissected immediately after being found dead. Latex injection method was used to observe the vascularization of the thorax. The branching pattern of the arteries of the thoracic aorta in O. bezoarticus was similar to domestic ruminants. In the M. gouazoubira and A. axis, there were no bicarotid trunk. Interestingly, the first branch of the brachiocephalic trunk was the left costocervical trunk in A. axis. Then, brachiocephalic trunk was divided into right and left subclavian arteries. M. gouazoubira and A. axis in contrast to O. bezoarticus were different when compared with other ruminants, and the absence of bicarotid trunk was more striking than previous reports.

Branching patterns of the aortic arch in the Siberian roe deer (<i>Capreolus pygargus</i> Pallas, 1771)

“…The SB in type CIII in this study also branches off the CCT, IT, and SC in that order and the pattern is symmetrical on the left and right [9]. The AA and BC branching patterns and order of the IT and SC of the Siberian roe deer in this study are similar to those of other ruminants, but the BC differs from those of the buffalo [5, 23], Korean water deer [1], brown brocket deer [21] and axis deer [21], which do not have that artery. Siberian roe deer differ from the Korean native goat [18] in that the SC branches from the SB before the IT.…”

“…Because a typical subtype was present on the right but not left side, the diversity was due not to the RCCT but to the LCCT branching sites. SB branch asymmetry was observed in 71.4% of cases, whereas symmetry was only seen in 28.6%, which differs from domestic ruminants [9] and the brown brocket deer [21]. Patterns such as subtype I could be unique to Siberian roe deer since other studies on deer [1, 21] and domestic ruminants [9, 18] have not reported this pattern.…”

“…To date, four reports have examined patterns of AA branching and its variation in deer [1, 2, 15, 21]. There is a general pattern in deer with certain variations by species.…”

“…Dorsal view.). After observations of their anatomical characteristics, branching patterns were classified into different types and diagrams were prepared for comparison with other ruminants [1, 9, 18, 21]. If one artery originated with another vessel at the same site or a neighboring site not greater than its lumen diameter, we considered them as being at the same level or branching site.…”

“…In ruminants, such as cattle [9, 19], sheep [9], goats [9] and pampas deer [21], generally only the BCT originates from the AA, giving off the LSB as the first branch and ramifying into the RSB and BC. The SB in type CIII in this study also branches off the CCT, IT, and SC in that order and the pattern is symmetrical on the left and right [9].…”