Arthropod cuticles from the upper Viséan (Mississippian) of eastern Germany

Haug, Joachim T.; Hübers, Maren; Haug, Carolin; Maas, Andreas; Waloszek, D.; Schneider, Joerg W.; Kerp, Hans

doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1485

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…2c ), and moreover it is flanked by two geological times with less Lagerstätten 9 . Terrestrial arthropods were extremely rare during the Early Carboniferous ‘hexapod gap’ 30 , 31 . The Permian entomofaunas are well known, but several outcrops, especially from the Southern Hemisphere, need further investigations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study shows that the different types once appeared are generally held to present, few disappearances occurred. This could be explained by: persistence of food sources, strong ‘versatility’ of these morphological types (e.g., ability to obtain pollination drops or nectar on gymnosperms 31 or on angiosperms), or by ‘plasticity’ (a morphological type undergoing minor adaptations can be used on another food source) 42 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversification of insects since the Devonian: a new approach based on morphological disparity of mouthparts

Nel

Bertrand

Nel

2018

Sci Rep

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The majority of the analyses of the evolutionary history of the megadiverse class Insecta are based on the documented taxonomic palaeobiodiversity. A different approach, poorly investigated, is to focus on morphological disparity, linked to changes in the organisms’ functioning. Here we establish a hierarchy of the great geological epochs based on a new method using Wagner parsimony and a ‘presence/absence of a morphological type of mouthpart of Hexapoda’ dataset. We showed the absence of major rupture in the evolution of the mouthparts, but six epochs during which numerous innovations and few extinctions happened, i.e., Late Carboniferous, Middle and Late Triassic, ‘Callovian-Oxfordian’, ‘Early’ Cretaceous, and ‘Albian-Cenomanian’. The three crises Permian-Triassic, Triassic-Jurassic, and Cretaceous-Cenozoic had no strong, visible impact on mouthparts types. We particularly emphasize the origination of mouthparts linked to nectarivory during the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution. We also underline the origination of mouthparts linked to phytophagy during the Middle and the Late Triassic, correlated to the diversification of the gymnosperms, especially in relation to the complex ‘flowers’ producing nectar of the Bennettitales and Gnetales.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification of insects since the Devonian: a new approach based on morphological disparity of mouthparts

Nel

Bertrand

Nel

2018

Sci Rep

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“…(Gensel et al, 1990). In Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks most of the dispersed arthropod cuticles can be assigned to eurypterids or scorpions (Braun, 1997;Haug et al, 2014;Miller, 1996) while from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic a variety of other arthropods has been reported including the organic linings of ostracod carapaces and insects (Bartram et al, 1987;Tyson, 1995, 212). Arthropod cuticles have also been isolated by maceration from coals (Bartram et al, 1987) and while these remains can make up 20-30 % of all cuticle fragments (e.g.…”

Section: Melanosclerites and Hydroidsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Optical thermal maturity parameters and organic geochemical alteration at low grade diagenesis to anchimetamorphism: A review

Hartkopf‐Fröder

Königshof

Littke

et al. 2015

International Journal of Coal Geology

160

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“…This new taxon is important in expanding our limited knowledge of eurypterid cuticular structures. While Holm’s spectacular material of Eurypterus cuticle from the Silurian of the Baltic (Saareema) has received attention [ 12 – 15 ], most previous papers have simply reported the occurrence of preserved cuticle [ 16 – 19 ], although there have been a few studies of cuticular structure [ 20 , 21 ] and chemistry [ 2 , 22 ]. Ontogenetic data are available for basal eurypterids [ 23 – 26 ]; Pentecopterus is the first derived taxon to provide evidence of development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oldest described eurypterid: a giant Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) megalograptid from the Winneshiek Lagerstätte of Iowa

et al. 2015

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BackgroundEurypterids are a diverse group of chelicerates known from ~250 species with a sparse Ordovician record currently comprising 11 species; the oldest fully documented example is from the Sandbian of Avalonia. The Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) fauna of the Winneshiek Lagerstätte includes a new eurypterid species represented by more than 150 specimens, including some juveniles, preserved as carbonaceous cuticular remains. This taxon represents the oldest described eurypterid, extending the documented range of the group back some 9 million years.ResultsThe new eurypterid species is described as Pentecopterus decorahensis gen. et sp. nov.. Phylogenetic analysis places Pentecopterus at the base of the Megalograptidae, united with the two genera previously assigned to this family by the shared possession of two or more pairs of spines per podomere on prosomal appendage IV, a reduction of all spines except the pair on the penultimate podomere of appendage V, and an ornamentation of guttalate scales, including angular scales along the posterior margin of the dorsal tergites and in longitudinal rows along the tergites. The morphology of Pentecopterus reveals that the Megalograptidae are representatives of the derived carcinosomatoid clade and not basal eurypterids as previously interpreted.ConclusionsThe relatively derived position of megalograptids within the eurypterids indicates that most eurypterid clades were present by the Middle Ordovician. Eurypterids either underwent an explosive radiation soon after their origination, or earlier representatives, perhaps Cambrian in age, remain to be discovered. The available instars of Pentecopterus decorahensis suggest that eurypterids underwent extreme appendage differentiation during development, a potentially unique condition among chelicerates. The high degree of appendage specialization in eurypterids is only matched by arachnids within chelicerates, supporting a sister taxon relationship between them.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0443-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Arthropod cuticles from the upper Viséan (Mississippian) of eastern Germany

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Diversification of insects since the Devonian: a new approach based on morphological disparity of mouthparts

Diversification of insects since the Devonian: a new approach based on morphological disparity of mouthparts

Optical thermal maturity parameters and organic geochemical alteration at low grade diagenesis to anchimetamorphism: A review

The oldest described eurypterid: a giant Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) megalograptid from the Winneshiek Lagerstätte of Iowa

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