Articulators through the years. Part I. Up to 1940

Articulator and Facebow: Review of Literature and History of Articulators

“…Donald L. (16) published in his article "Articulators through the years" stated that articulators introduced since 1940 till today' fully adjustable articulator should be preserved. All of them are either in the historical collection of the national naval dental center or in actual use at that institution.…”

“…Dale E. Smith (1985) (18) conducted a survey to determine the type of articulators used in teaching fixed and removable prosthodontics in the 59 United states dental schools and concluded that of the 81 articulators used in fixed and removable prosthodontics 65 (76. 5%) were of the arcon design and most common articulators used for removable prosthodontics were whipmix (16) and in fixed prosthodontics were the denar mark 11 (11).…”

Verification of the Accuracy of Electronic Mandibular Movement Recording Devices: : An in vitro investigation

“…In 1756, Pfaff has also been credited with creating the Pfaff slab articulator. This device was described as a static relator of dental casts that lacked the ability to duplicate patient mandibular movement (Bauer and Gutowski 1976, Mitchell and Wilkie 1978and Graver 2001.…”

“…His articulator design is described as having a metallic hinge which was restricted to simple rotational movement (Bauer and Gutowski 1976, Mitchell and Wilkie 1978and Graver 2001.…”

“…The device described as a plaster articulator was a static relator of casts that lacked the ability to copy any patient mandibular movement. Additionally, the development of the first articulator with movement was restricted to a simple nonanatomic rotational movement (Bauer and Gutowski 1976, Mitchell and Wilkie 1978and Graver 2001.…”