Artifacts associated with the measurement of particulate mercury in an urban environment: The influence of elevated ozone concentrations

Lynam, Mary M.; Keeler, Gerald J.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.036

Cited by 59 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Lynam and Keeler (2002) indicated that a significantly higher amount of particulate mercury would be collected onto a filter using the conventional methodology than that collected downstream of a KCl-coated annular denuder which removes gaseous reactive mercury. However, Lynam and Keeler (2005) also indicated that upstream KCl-coated denuders could give an increase in particulate mercury concentration collected on the filter during periods of elevated concentration of atmospheric photochemical oxidants. Gold-coated denuders can be used upstream of particulates filtration for removing elemental Hg.…”

Section: Validation Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury concentrations in size-fractionated airborne particles at urban and suburban sites in Beijing, China

Wang

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2006

Atmospheric Environment

102

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Mercury concentrations in size fractions of airborne particulate matter obtained from urban and suburban sites in Beijing in 2003 and 2004 are presented in this paper. The average concentrations of total particulate mercury were 1.1870.82 ng m À3 with a range of 0.18-3.51 ng m À3 at the urban site and 0.6870.62 ng m À3 with a range of 0.13-2.40 ng m À3 at the suburban site. This is much higher than what is found in Europe and Northern America. The results implie that significant anthropogenic sources in Beijing contribute to the concentration of particulate mercury in air and therefore, to the mercury deposition in this region. There are clear seasonal variations in concentration of particulate mercury with highest concentrations in winter at urban and suburban sites. This illustrates the important contribution from coal burning to particulate mercury during the heating season. The mercury concentration in each size fraction of airborne particulates was closely related to its size range. The highest mercury concentration was found in the size fraction less than 1.1 mm with average concentrations of 0.5970.50 and 0.2970.26 ng m À3 at the urban and suburban sites, respectively. The mercury in this size fraction accounts for 45.779.5% and 41.978.2% of the total particulate mercury, respectively. This implies that a large fraction of the particulate mercury in this area can be transported long range before it becomes deposited. Based on the concentrations of size-fractionated particulate mercury in ambient air, the dry deposition fluxes of mercury were estimated to 407 mg m À2 a À1 at the urban site and 270 mg m À2 a À1 at the suburban site. More than 90% of the deposition flux came from particles larger than 1.1 mm despite a substantial fraction of the Hg found in particles less than 1.1 mm.

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Section: Validation Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury concentrations in size-fractionated airborne particles at urban and suburban sites in Beijing, China

Wang

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2006

Atmospheric Environment

102

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“…In the period of 2000-2003 the concentration of TPM was investigated in measurement stations located mainly in uninhabited areas of the USA. The obtained concentration values varied from 1 to 30 pg/m 3 [18][19]. In Seoul (South Korea), which is characterized by high traffi c and high population density, in the period of 2005-2006 the average concentration of TPM in ambient air was 23.9 pg/m 3 [20].…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Measurments of Atmospheric Mercury Species (TGM, TPM) and Hg Deposition in the Silesian Region, Poland – Concept of the Mercury Deposition Coefficient

Nowak¹,

Korszun-Kłak²,

Zielonka³

2014

Archives of Environmental Protection

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Astract:The aim of this work was to identify concentration levels of different chemical forms of mercury (TGM, TPM) in the ambient air in selected areas of the Silesian Region, characterized by low and high mercury emission. Based on the obtained data TGM and TPM concentration levels were determined. The project also focused on determination of dry and wet deposition of mercury compounds. Data concerning TGM and TPM fl ux rates in the ambient air and data on mercury deposition were used to determine a deposition coeffi cient. The coeffi cient was calculated as a share of mercury deposition on the land surface (dry and wet) to the amount of this contaminant transported with loads of air in the form of TGM and TPM in a given measurement station. At both monitoring stations the deposition coeffi cient did not exceed 0.2 %. The idea of calculating the deposition coeffi cient based on the analysis of TGM and TPM fl ux rate is a new solution. The proposed deposition coeffi cient allows to quantify information on a selected contaminant concentration and its potential impact resulting from deposition. Further studies on the deposition coeffi cient may contribute to the development of methods for estimating the impact of contaminants contained in the ambient air on other environmental components based on the analyses of the contaminant fl ux rate.

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“…The mean / median ratios for RGM and PBM are 2.0 and 1.7, respectively. From comparison of the mean values of RGM and PBM with the results from the monitoring sites in rural areas of the US (Valente et al, 2007;Gabriel et al, 2005;Lynam and Keeler, 2005;Malcolm et al, 2003), the RGM concentration of the Miyun site is more or less at the same level as those of US sites. However, the PBM concentration of the Miyun site is much higher than those of US sites, which reflects the severe PM pollution problem in northern China.…”

Section: Meteorological Data and Backward Trajectory Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies conducted in Pompano Beach, Florida (Malcolm et al, 2003), showed similar results for GEM (1.6-2.0 ng m −3 ) but much lower ranges for both RGM (1.6-4.9 pg m −3 ) and PBM (0.7-6.3 pg m −3 ). Lynam and Keeler (2005) reported that the GEM, RGM and PBM concentrations in Dexter, Michigan, were respectively 1.49-1.51, 2-3 and 7-17 pg m −3 . The study of Gabriel et al (2005) on Cove Mountain in Tennessee obtained a GEM average as high as 3.2 ng m −3 , and the RGM and PBM concentrations were 16.4 and 9.7 pg m −3 , respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric mercury concentration and chemical speciation at a rural site in Beijing, China: implications of mercury emission sources

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2013

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Continuous measurements of atmospheric mercury concentration and speciation play a key role in identifying mercury sources and its behavior in the atmosphere. In this study, speciated atmospheric mercury including gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and particle-bound mercury (PBM) were continuously measured at Miyun, a rural site in Beijing, China, from December 2008 to November 2009. The average GEM, RGM and PBM concentrations were found to be 3.22 ± 1.74, 10.1 ± 18.8 and 98.2 ± 112.7 pg m −3 , respectively, about 2-20 times higher than the background concentration of the Northern Hemisphere. The results indicated that atmospheric mercury concentrations in northern China were highly affected by anthropogenic emissions. The atmospheric mercury showed obvious seasonal variations, with the highest seasonal average GEM concentration in summer (3.48 ng m −3 ) and the lowest value in winter (2.66 ng m −3 ). In autumn and winter a diurnal variation of GEM was observed, with peak levels in the late afternoon till midnight. Most of the high RGM concentration values occurred in the afternoon of all seasons due to the higher oxidation. The PBM concentration was higher in early morning of all seasons because of the the temperature inversion that increases in depth as the night proceeds. The ratio of GEM to CO indicates that residential boilers play an important role in the elevation of GEM in winter. The ratio of RGM to O 3 could be an indicator of the contribution of local primary sources. The ratio of PBM to PM 2.5 reveals that the air mass from the east and southwest of the site in spring and summer carries more atmospheric mercury. The HYSPLIT back-trajectory analysis indicated that the monitoring site is affected by local, regional and interregional sources simultaneously during heavy pollution episodes. The results from the potential source contribution function (PSCF) model indicate that the atmospheric transport predominantly from the northwest contributes to the elevated atmospheric mercury in winter and autumn, while the North China Plain (NCP) region and the northern part of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region are the major source areas for mercury pollution in spring and summer.

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Artifacts associated with the measurement of particulate mercury in an urban environment: The influence of elevated ozone concentrations

Cited by 59 publications

References 37 publications

Mercury concentrations in size-fractionated airborne particles at urban and suburban sites in Beijing, China

Mercury concentrations in size-fractionated airborne particles at urban and suburban sites in Beijing, China

Long-Term Measurments of Atmospheric Mercury Species (TGM, TPM) and Hg Deposition in the Silesian Region, Poland – Concept of the Mercury Deposition Coefficient

Atmospheric mercury concentration and chemical speciation at a rural site in Beijing, China: implications of mercury emission sources

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