Artificial Intelligence Quotient (AIQ)

Abstract

We introduce the concept of Artificial Intelligence Quotient (AIQ)—operationally defined as a person’s ability to use AI to perform a wide variety of tasks—and provide evidence for its existence across archival and lab studies. Study 1 (a 19-year global dataset of human+AI chess tournaments) and Study 2 (a three-wave longitudinal study of human+AI renju games) show that individuals have stable human+AI performance over time (controlling for human’s own capability and AI’s capability), suggesting the existence of a stable human+AI capability. Study 3 shows that a general AIQ factor can be statistically extracted from individuals’ performance on a variety of tasks completed with ChatGPT, a more general and widely-used AI tool. Besides replicating Study 3’s findings in a larger sample, Study 4 further shows that the extracted AIQ factor predicts human+AI performance not only on a new task using the same AI (ChatGPT), but also on another new task using a different AI (renju AI) a week later. Across these studies, we ascertain the unique explanatory power of AIQ by controlling for individual’s computer ability, intelligence quotient (IQ), and/or emotional intelligence (EQ). We also explored potential correlates of AIQ (personality traits, perceived AI agency and feelings, previous AI use, and demographics). Together, our findings suggest that AIQ exists and is measurable. By establishing this new type of intelligence (AIQ), we shed light on individual differences in the ability to use AI, which is essential for individuals, organizations, and society in an era of AI.