Artificial intelligence-related anomies and predictive policing: normative (dis)orders in liberal democracies

Abstract

This article links three rarely considered dimensions related to the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies in the form of predictive policing and discusses them in relation to liberal democratic societies. The three dimensions are the theoretical embedding and the workings of AI within anomic conditions (1), potential normative disorders emerging from them in the form of thinking errors and discriminatory practices (2) as well as the consequences of these disorders on the psychosocial, and emotional level (3). Against this background, AI-induced anomie is conceptualized as a field of tension that refers to a systematic deterioration of democratic norms that are supposed to create ‘normative orders’, but which, when implemented through AI-supported measures, can reproduce existing discriminations, and establish new kinds of discriminatory relations. In future, these AI-based measures have the potential to lead to opposing normative disorders by emerging in the form of false social norms to an equally false Second Nature. They deprive persons involved of the possibility of individual appropriation of social norms and the specific emotional development associated with it.

The open texture of ‘algorithm’ in legal language

“…These issues include threats to individual rights, group rights and, in some cases, even society at large (cf. Hallinan and Martin 2020;Gordon 2021;Mantelero and Esposito 2021;Mantelero 2022;Balboni and Francis 2023;Varona and Suarez 2023;Behnam Shad 2023;Pflanzer et al 2023).…”