Artificial Olfactory Signal Modulation for Detection in Changing Environments

Abstract

Animals have evolved to sense in complex environments through both modulation behavior including sniffing as well as sophisticated neural processing including memory and neuromodulation. Here, we explore thermal modulation of chemically diverse sensor arrays, where response patterns are based on partitioning of odorants across the array. The differential response patterns contain information about the chemical nature of the odorant for identification. By transitioning away from well-defined concentration modulation, traditionally used in the field, to thermal modulation, it is possible to capture both diagnostic patterns as well as intensity information in complex environments. This performance is demonstrated with carbon-black based, chemically diverse sensor arrays, that are thermally modulated with light at 25 mHz exposed to different analytes of varying concentrations.

Sleep fragmentation reduces explorative behaviors and impairs motor coordination in male mice

“…It allows them to know others' identity, sex, reproductive status, and dominance status (Doty, 1986). In addition to social contact, sniffing is also important for rodents to sense the surrounding environment, and facilitates learning and memory (Arzi et al., 2014; Hassan et al., 2023). During rearing, mice place their weight on their hind legs and lift their forelimbs and head, which is also considered a sign of exploration (Sturman et al., 2018).…”

Prompt Electronic Discrimination of Gas Molecules by Self-Heating Temperature Modulation

“…For example, it takes 600 s for an isothermally operated e-nose (composed of Pd–SnO 2 and Pd–WO 3 ) to qualitatively identify 8 kinds of gases with an accuracy of 99.86% . In comparison with isothermal measurements, the temperature modulation (i.e., from ∼50 to 300 °C) operation could not only reduce the averaged power consumption and maintain high repeatability over the long-term operation of chemiresistor − but also generate rich (temperature-dependent) features of adsorbed target gas molecules associated with the adsorption/desorption and the redox kinetics information, which could effectively shorten the recognition time with high recognition rate . The accurate classification of 12, 5, and 4 kinds of VOCs by temperature modulation has been successfully demonstrated, within 4, 5, and 50 s, respectively.…”

Phospholipid Molecular Layer that Enhances Distinction of Odors Based on Artificial Sniffing

“…Sniffing also allows air to be breathed in and reset; the odor is concentrated, and the odor molecules are adsorbed in the olfactory epithelium. Sniffing is necessary to obtain information from odors, and organisms regulate the amount of information received by controlling their sense of smell according to the external environment . Accordingly, exploiting the dynamic response of the sensory system to periodic perturbations is a key strategy for identifying odor molecules.…”