“…Recent studies have argued that CMGs have more positive values than simply just passing time and combatting boredom and loneliness (Chen & Leung, 2016). They can also improve quality of life, social relationships, learning, cultural memory, work and health (Begy, 2017;Cornejo, Hernandez, Tentori, & Favela, 2015;Froschauer et al, 2012;Iversen, 2016;Lin, Wang, & Chou, 2012;Wei & Lu, 2014;Xanthopoulou & Papagiannidis, 2012), among other things. Based on the above discussion, this study proposes utilitarian value and hedonic value as the components of the perceived value that individuals derive from CMGs.…”