Arxula adeninivorans, a yeast assimilating many nitrogenous and aromatic compounds

Abstract

A detailed description of the yeast species Arxula adeninivorans (syn. Trichosporon adeninovorans) was given. The yeast assimilated all the sugars, polyalcohols and organic acids used in the conventional carbon compound assimilation test rapidly, except for L-rhamnose, inulin, lactose, lactate and methanol. As nitrogen sources served all conventionally used compounds except creatine and creatinine. Several nitrogenous compounds, e.g. amino acids, purine derivatives, served as sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy. This was also true of many primary n-alkylamines and terminal diamines, but of nitrogen-less analogous compounds such as alcohols, dialcohols, carboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids only intermediates of general metabolism were assimilated. For observing growth at the expense of potentially toxic compounds the slant culture method was developed. In this test lactate was readily assimilated but proved to be toxic at the same time. Several aliphatic organic acids and their esters supported growth in this test, as was the case with several benzene compounds such as hydroquinone, 3- and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic, gentisic, gallic and ferulic acids, 4-hydroxyacetophenone and 1-phenyl-n-dodecane.

The yeast flora of some decaying mushrooms on trunks of living trees

“…Suspensions of the rotten material were plated on YM agar plates (in g/L: glucose 10, peptone 5, yeast extract 3, malt extract 3, agar 20) supplied with 20 mg/L of streptomycin sulfate and chloramphenicol in order to suppress growth of bacteria. Samples of the rotting mushrooms were also diluted 1 : 10 in mineral salts GB medium (Middelhoven et al 1991(Middelhoven et al , 2001) without carbon and nitrogen source supplied with antibiotics as above. Cultures of 50 mL in 300-mL Erlenmeyer flasks were incubated on a rotary shaker at 20 °C for 3 d or more.…”

“…Candida albicans, C. saitoana, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Trichosporon asahii, T. multisporum and T. porosum. The basidiomycetous yeasts, except R. mucilaginosa, assimilated some polysaccharides of plant origin.Several yeast species assimilate a great variety of carbon sources in addition to those used for yeast identification and taxonomy (Middelhoven et al 1985(Middelhoven et al , 1991(Middelhoven et al , 2001(Middelhoven et al , 2004aMiddelhoven and Kurtzman 2003). Uric acid is one of these nonconventional substrates (Middelhoven et al 1983).…”

Characterization and expression analysis of a gene cluster for nitrate assimilation from the yeast Arxula adeninivorans

“…adeninivorans can exploit a wide selection of nitrogen sources, including the nucleotide bases cytosine, adenine and guanine, urea, uric acid, formamide, acetamide, succinimide, oxamate, sarcosine and putrescine, besides amino acids and nitrate compounds (Middelhoven et al, 1991). Three intracellular proteins are required for nitrogen assimilation: a nitrate transporter mediates uptake of inorganic nitrate compounds into the yeast cell, and these are reduced to ammonium by the combined action of the enzymes nitrate and nitrite reductase (Guerrero et al, 1981).…”

“…Blastobotrys adeninivorans - Kurtzmann and Robnett, 2007) is a haploid (Samsonova et al, 1996), nonpathogenic, thermo- (Wartmann et al, 1995) and halotolerant (Yang et al, 2000;Böer et al, 2004a) dimorphic yeast with unusual biochemical characteristics. Thus, it can grow on a range of compounds as sole energy and carbon source; these include xylose, tannic acid, n-alkanes and purines (Middelhoven et al, 1984(Middelhoven et al, , 1991(Middelhoven et al, , 1992Gienow et al, 1990;van der Walt et al, 1990). …”

Polysaccharides and phenolic compounds as substrate for yeasts isolated from rotten wood and description of Cryptococcus fagi sp.nov.

“…Growth on L-malic, D-galactaric (mucic, 2.5 g/l), D-glucaric (saccharic) and tartaric acids was tested at pH 4.0. Assimilation of carbon compounds other than those used in the standard species description was studied in a synthetic growth medium GB (Middelhoven et al 1991), which differed from Difco YNB by a tenfold higher potassium phosphate concentration and by a lower concentration of ammonium chloride, 2 g/l rather than 5 g ammonium sulphate per litre. To growth media with uric acid and other nitrogenous carbon sources no ammonium chloride was added.…”