As mulheres desiludidas: de Simone de Beauvoir à “ideologia de gênero”

Abstract

In 2015 French philosopher Simone de Beauvoir received a motion of repudiation from the Campinas City Council, which accused her of mentoring so-called "gender ideology", a phrase used by conservatives to challenge feminist scientific work. Seventy years after the publication of The Second Sex, why does "becomes a woman" continue, for some, to be such a provocative or even dangerous phrase? Do the fears and criticisms that she aroused at the time continue to be the same, or are we facing a new moral panic in contemporary Brazil? By analyzing the words of the city council members involved in the debate, it becomes evident, in the face of significant advances made by those who are oppressed by socio-hierarchical gender relations, that there has been a strong reaction from those sectors that do not understand the inexorable social transformation promoted by feminists, and who tremble at the sound of Beauvoir's name.

Theoretical-methodological essay on gender identity information validity in epidemiological surveillance of violence

“…However, in her seminal work, Beauvoir (11) makes a scathing critique of this view, an aspect that even today there are still those who consider it subversive and dangerous (12) , since she questions the process of stabilizing gender as roles to be developed in society. Beauvoir (11) inaugurates a new line of thought by interpreting gender as a socio-anthropological construction and, consequently, culturally disconnected from the supposed biological differences between sexes.…”

“…Clearly, this set of rules about what is feminine would be subject to a limited and socially acceptable definition of what it means to be a woman (12) . In other words, the construction of the feminine does not escape the weight of cultural expectations, even if it can resist biological determinism, bringing with it a set of characteristics that would be considered the original version of being a woman (8,12,16) . Deviation from these established norms can be seen as subversion or erratic behavior and consequently is subject to social corrections.…”

“…In this understanding, even male identity, which in the past benefited from the status of an original category, would not be exempt from this process of becoming and, consequently, from what is culturally necessary to gather in terms of male characteristics and behaviors. Consequently, the theoretical understanding of the separation of what is biological, sex, from what would be a category constructed by the discourse that stabilizes within a culture, gender, is questioned (8,10,12,16,18) .…”

“…Thus, from the moment people are identified as women or men, or, from a biological perspective, male and female, they become inscribed in a system of social norms (8,12,16) . In this vein, the detection of sex, even in an unborn body, becomes affected by discourses that outline expectations about desires, behaviors, and appearances based on the slightest detection of what is or what will possibly become the genitalia of that body (16) .…”

Antifeminismos: los efectos de los discursos de odio

“…http://g1.globo.com/educacao/enem/2015/noticia/2015/10/questao-sobre-feminismo-noenem-2015-e-lembrada-nas-redes-sociais.html. Para un análisis de la repercusión de la polémica en el Consejo Municipal de Campinas-SP, ver Mano, 2019. En la polémica del ENEM, la "broma" se ha tornado seria. La intensa producción de imágenes, videos, memes bolsonaristas (Silva, 2019) reafirma el apoyo de la "izquierda" a la pedofilia, a la homosexualidad, a las feministas, a la política de cuotas para negros, al comunismo, fomentando la polarización.…”