“…They are rare after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), but are known to be life-threatening. 1 In patients with high-risk anatomy who are poor candidates for redo open heart surgery, percutaneous therapies offer an alternative for the management of symptoms and defects with reliable results. 2 Most PSAs are diagnosed by echocardiography or computed tomography angiogram and can cause symptoms ranging from mild dyspnea to heart failure in rare cases.…”