“…Tartrazine (Trz), an artificial food colouring with an azo functional group, 1,2 is commonly used as a food additive in products such as beverages, bread and confectionaries due to its stability, uniform colour and low cost. 3 Ingested Trz is typically metabolised by the kidneys and liver in humans, but administering too much Trz can result in biliary cirrhosis, mutagenicity, neurodegeneration, and alterations in hepatic and renal factors, directly threatening human health. 2 In addition to Trz as well other food additives being harmful to human health, so appear to be most heavy metal ions.…”