Aseptic rearing procedure for the stinkbug Plautia stali (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) by sterilizing food-derived bacterial contaminants

Nishide, Yudai; Onodera, Naoko T.; Tanahashi, Masahiko; Moriyama, Minoru; Fukatsu, Takema; Koga, Ryuichi

doi:10.1007/s13355-017-0495-y

Cited by 23 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…All populations of P. stali in the mainland Japan, including the Tsukuba population, are associated with a specific γ-proteobacterial gut symbiont, so-called symbiont A, which is phylogenetically close to Pantoea dispersa and allied environmental bacteria [28]. The symbiont A of P. stali is uncultivable, with a degenerate genome, and is essential for normal growth and survival of the host insect [28, 29, 47]. Ovipositing adult females of P. stali smear a symbiont-containing excrement onto the egg surface, and newborn nymphs actively suck it for around 30 min to acquire the symbiont immediately after hatching [28].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ovipositing adult females of P. stali smear a symbiont-containing excrement onto the egg surface, and newborn nymphs actively suck it for around 30 min to acquire the symbiont immediately after hatching [28]. The insects maintained in mass-stock culture were reared on raw peanuts and water supplemented with 0.05% ascorbic acid (DWA) in large plastic containers at 25 ± 1 °C under a long-day regime of 16 h light and 8 h dark, as described previously [47]. It has been reported that raw peanut is the best laboratory food for P. stali in comparison with other seeds, grains, and fruits that were tested [46].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P. stali is associated with a specific γ-proteobacterial symbiont, allied to Pantoea spp., within numerous crypts arranged in four rows along the posterior midgut [28, 29]. As a notorious agricultural pest, stable and reliable system for rearing P. stali in the laboratory has been established for decades [46], including the recent development of aseptic rearing procedures [47]. While an uncultivable gut symbiont (so-called symbiont A) is fixed in the mainland Japan, the gut symbiotic microbiota is distinct and polymorphic in southwestern islands of Japan, where an uncultivable gut symbiont (symbiont B) coexists with multiple cultivable gut symbionts (symbionts C–F) in the same islands and populations, which plausibly represents an ongoing process of symbiont diversification and/or replacement in natural insect populations [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While an uncultivable gut symbiont (so-called symbiont A) is fixed in the mainland Japan, the gut symbiotic microbiota is distinct and polymorphic in southwestern islands of Japan, where an uncultivable gut symbiont (symbiont B) coexists with multiple cultivable gut symbionts (symbionts C–F) in the same islands and populations, which plausibly represents an ongoing process of symbiont diversification and/or replacement in natural insect populations [28]. For the cultivable symbionts, genetic and experimental manipulations are feasible, and for the host insect, knockdown of gene expression by RNA interference works efficiently [28, 47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphogenesis and development of midgut symbiotic organ of the stinkbug Plautia stali (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

et al. 2019

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Diverse insects are intimately associated with microbial symbionts, which play a variety of biological roles in their adaptation to and survival in the natural environment. Such insects often possess specialized organs for hosting the microbial symbionts. What developmental processes and mechanisms underlie the formation of the host organs for microbial symbiosis is of fundamental biological interest but poorly understood. Here we investigate the morphogenesis of the midgut symbiotic organ and the process of symbiont colonization therein during the developmental course of the stinkbug Plautia stali . Upon hatching, the midgut is a simple and smooth tube. Subsequently, symbiont colonization to the posterior midgut occurs, and thickening and folding of the midgut epithelium proceed during the first instar period. By the second instar, rudimentary crypts have formed, and their inner cavities are colonized by the symbiotic bacteria. From the second instar to the fourth instar, while the alimentary tract grows and the posterior midgut is established as the symbiotic organ with numerous crypts, the anterior midgut and the posterior midgut are structurally and functionally isolated by a strong constriction in the middle. By the early fifth instar, the midgut symbiotic organ attains the maximal length, but toward the mid fifth instar, the basal region of each crypt starts to constrict and narrow, which deforms the midgut symbiotic organ as a whole into a shorter, thicker and twisted shape. By the late fifth instar to adulthood, the crypts are constricted off, by which the symbiotic bacteria are confined in the crypt cavities and isolated from the midgut main tract, and concurrently, the strong midgut constriction in the middle becomes loose and open, by which the food flow from the anterior midgut to the posterior midgut recovers. This study provides the most detailed and comprehensive descriptions ever reported on the morphogenesis of the symbiotic organ and the process of symbiont colonization in an obligatory insect-bacterium gut symbiotic system. Considering that P. stali is recently emerging as a useful model system for experimentally studying the intimate insect-microbe gut symbiosis, the knowledge obtained in this study establishes the foundation for the further development of this research field.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphogenesis and development of midgut symbiotic organ of the stinkbug Plautia stali (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

et al. 2019

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“…; Nishide et al . ). In an attempt to efficiently evaluate the adult phenotypes of P. stali , we have developed an automated process for simultaneous measurements of body color and size based on their digital images.…”

Section: Practical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 97%