Ash and gas discharge during open vent activity at El Reventador (Ecuador): explosion-style transitions driven by conduit capping

Vásconez, Freddy; Moussallam, Yves; Bani, Philipson; Battaglia, Jean; Hidalgo, Silvana; Benbakkar, Mhammed; Harris, Andrew; Narváez, Diego

doi:10.1007/s00445-022-01585-1

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 56 publications

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“…A few days later, two lava flows were emplaced on the southeastern flank of the volcano (Hall et al, 2004;. Since its reactivation in November 2002, El Reventador has been in continuous eruption (e.g., Wright, 2016) with both explosive and effusive eruptive styles, characterized by weak to strong Vulcanian and Strombolian activity (Vásconez et al, 2022b). Some short-term, seismo-acoustic studies have been developed to characterize superficial eruptive activity in 2005 (Johnson et al, 2006;Lees et al, 2008).…”

Section: El Reventador Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty years of explosive-effusive activity at El Reventador volcano (Ecuador) recorded in its geomorphology

Vallejo,

Diefenbach,

Gaunt

et al. 2024

Front. Earth Sci.

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Shifts in activity at long-active, open-vent volcanoes are difficult to forecast because precursory signals are enigmatic and can be lost in and amongst daily activity. Here, we propose that crater and vent morphologies, along with summit height, can help us bring some insights into future activity at one of Ecuador’s most active volcanoes El Reventador. On 3 November 2002, El Reventador volcano experienced the largest eruption in Ecuador in the last 140 years and has been continuously active ever since with transitions between and coexistence of explosive and effusive activity, characterized by Strombolian and Vulcanian behavior. Based on the analysis of a large dataset of thermal and visual images, we determined that in the last 20 years of activity, the volcano faced three destructive events: A. Destruction of the upper part of the summit leaving a north-south breached crater (3 November 2002), B. NE border crater collapse (2017), and C. NW flank collapse (2018), with two periods of reconstruction of the edifice: Period 1. Refill of the crater (2002-early 2018) and Period 2. Refill of the 2018 scar (April 2018–December 2022). Through photogrammetric analysis of visual and thermal images acquired in 11 overflights of the volcano, we created a time-series of digital elevation models (DEMs) to determine the maximum height of the volcano at each date, quantify the volume changes between successive dates, and characterize the morphological changes in the summit region. We estimate that approximately 34.1x106 m3 of volcanic material was removed from the volcano due to destructive events, whereas 64.1x106 m3 was added by constructive processes. The pre-2002 summit height was 3,560 m and due to the 2002 eruption it decreased to 3,527 m; it regained its previous height between 2014 and 2015 and the summit crater was completely filled by early April 2018. Event A resulted from an intrusion of magma that erupted violently; we proposed that Events B and C could be a result of an intrusion as well but may also be due to a lack of stability of the volcano summit which occurs when it reaches its maximum height of approximately 3,590 and 3,600 m.

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Section: El Reventador Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty years of explosive-effusive activity at El Reventador volcano (Ecuador) recorded in its geomorphology

Vallejo,

Diefenbach,

Gaunt

et al. 2024

Front. Earth Sci.

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Hazard assessment and monitoring of Ecuadorian volcanoes: challenges and progresses during four decades since IG-EPN foundation

Hidalgo,

Bernard,

Mothes

et al. 2023

Bull Volcanol

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Unravelling eruption dynamics at El Reventador, Ecuador: linking the physiochemical properties of volcanic ash with geophysical, geochemical and satellite remote sensing data

Gaunt,

Pique,

Hernández

et al. 2024

Bull Volcanol

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The physiochemical properties of volcanic ash are determined by magma ascent and eruption dynamics and provide important insights into controls on the timing and style of volcanic eruptions. However, linking petrological observations to monitoring parameters remains challenging. Here we investigate the relationships between geophysical, geochemical and satellite remote sensing data with the physiochemical properties of volcanic ash to better understand eruptive dynamics at El Reventador volcano, Ecuador. Between 2016 and 2019, eruptive activity at El Reventador was characterised by frequent explosions interspersed with effusive activity from two summit vents. We found that: (1) periods of predominantly effusive behaviour were defined by ash samples with the lowest proportions of juvenile grains, frequent, more intense thermal anomalies and frequent (ca. every 25 min) but low-energy explosions that produced lower average ash column heights (< 1200 m above the summit) and; (2) periods of predominantly explosive behaviour were defined by ash samples with the highest proportions of juvenile grains and also vesicular juvenile grains, low thermal anomalies and less frequent (ca. every 70 min), higher-energy explosions that produced higher average eruption column heights (> 1500 m above the summit). Our study shows that there are strong correlations between the physiochemical properties of erupted material and the multiparametric monitoring data which in turn link to the type of surface activity observed. As a result, the development of physical conduit models and interpretations of eruptive dynamics are made more robust combining both monitoring data and the physical properties of eruptive products.

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Ash and gas discharge during open vent activity at El Reventador (Ecuador): explosion-style transitions driven by conduit capping

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

Twenty years of explosive-effusive activity at El Reventador volcano (Ecuador) recorded in its geomorphology

Twenty years of explosive-effusive activity at El Reventador volcano (Ecuador) recorded in its geomorphology

Hazard assessment and monitoring of Ecuadorian volcanoes: challenges and progresses during four decades since IG-EPN foundation

Unravelling eruption dynamics at El Reventador, Ecuador: linking the physiochemical properties of volcanic ash with geophysical, geochemical and satellite remote sensing data

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