Aspectos cognitivos do falar em público: validação de uma escala de autoavaliação para universitários brasileiros

Abstract

ResumoContexto: O falar em público é o medo mais prevalente na população geral e no Transtorno de Ansiedade Social (TAS). Assim sendo, estudos que dimensionem essa situação específica são necessários. Objetivos: Validar a Self Statements during Public Speaking (SSPS) em amostra da população geral de estudantes universitários (PG -n = 2.314), casos (C -n = 88) e não casos de TAS (NC -n = 90) do Brasil. Métodos: Conduziu-se o estudo em duas fases: a) preenchimento dos questionários autoaplicados em sala de aula; b) participação em entrevista telefônica e ao vivo. Resultados: Evidenciaram-se correlações baixas/moderadas entre SSPS e Inventário de Fobia Social (PG = 0,22-0,65; C = 0,28-0,32; NC = 0,21-0,30), Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (PG = 0,18-0,53; C = 0,25-0,33; NC = 0,22-0,25) e Escala Breve de Fobia Social (C = não significativa, NC = 0,23-0,31) nas diferentes amostras, especialmente para a PG. A análise fatorial apontou a presença de dois fatores, associados à autoavaliação positiva e negativa. O estudo da validade discriminativa evidenciou a capacidade da SSPS de discriminar os casos dos não casos de TAS. Conclusão: A SSPS é adequada para uso no contexto brasileiro, sendo que a subescala autoavaliação positiva parece ser mais efetiva para a avaliação de amostras identificadas ou suspeitas de TAS e a subescala autoavaliação negativa ter uma característica mais rastreadora quando aplicada em amostras da população geral.Osório FL, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2012;39(2):48-53 Palavras-chave: Falar em público, ansiedade social, validação, escala. AbstractBackground: Fear of public speaking is the most prevalent fear in the general population and among persons with a social anxiety disorder (SAD). Nevertheless, studies about the assessment of this specific phenomenon are still needed. Objectives: To examine the validity of the Self Statements during Public Speaking (SSPS) scale in a general population of Brazilian university students (GP, n = 2314), in an SAD sample (n = 88), and in a non-SAD sample (n = 90). Methods: The study was conducted in two phases: a) completing a self-administered questionnaire in the classroom, b) participating in a telephone and face-to-face interview. Results: The SSPS showed low/median correlations with the Social Phobia Inventory (GP = 0.22-0.65; SAD = 0.28-0.32; non-SAD = 0.21-0.30), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (GP = 0.18-0.53; SAD = 0.25-0.33; non-SAD = 0.22-0.25), and the Brief Social Phobia Scale (SAD = not significant, non-SAD = 0.23-0.31) in all the samples, especially in the GP sample. Factorial analysis indicated the presence of two factors associated with positive and negative self-assessment. The study of discriminative validity demonstrated that the SSPS has the ability to differentiate between cases and non-cases of SAD. Discussion: The SSPS is an adequate instrument to be used within the Brazilian context. The positive self-assessment subscale seems to be more effective for the evaluation of SAD samples. The negative self-assessment subscale appears to have a better s...

Association between Social Skills, Sociodemographic Factors and Self-Statements during Public Speaking by University Students

“…The present study allowed the relationships between some of the socio-demographic and occupational variables of college students and their self-assessments about speaking in public to be checked. As for gender, the results corroborate the data found in literature (Marinho et al, 2017;Osório et al, 2012), where men have more positive self-assessments than women. It is assumed, therefore, that these results may be related to sociocultural demands and expectations that are more permissive for men and more restricting for women, making the task of public speaking a greater challenge for females.…”

“…Discriminative validity was analyzed using Student's t-test, the objective being to check the ability of SSPS to discriminate subjects as a function of gender. According to the results, only the negative subscale was discriminatory (t = -4.802, p < .001), showing that women had a lower mean score, in other words, a greater negative assessment of themselves (Osório, Crippa, & Loureiro, 2012).…”

Autopercepção de timidez e sua relação com aspectos da fala em público

“…The second part consisted of the self-applicable protocol "Scale for Self-Assessment when Speaking in Public-SSPS" (15) , based on cognitive theories that assume that social anxiety is the result of a negative perception of oneself and others in relation to oneself. The protocol consists of ten questions and two subscales, one with a positive self-assessment (items 1, 3, 5, 6 and 9) and the other with a negative self-assessment (items 2,4, 7, 8 and 10), answered on a scale of zero (totally disagree) to five (totally agree) points.…”

Escala Hamilton: estudo das características psicométricas em uma amostra do sul do Brasil

“…As respostas identificarão a presença ou não dos sintomas, sendo pontuadas de acordo com o julgamento do avaliador. Ela é composta por 10 módulos, que podem ser utilizados de maneira combinada ou independente 22 . No estudo, foi utilizado o módu-lo "A" para diagnosticar os episódios de humor (transtornos bipolar e depressivo maior).…”