Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos da babesiose bovina

Abstract

Bovine babesiosis is a disease with a febrile and hemolytic course, which together with anaplasmosis form the so-called bovine parasitic sadness complex (TPB). In Brazil, babesiosis is transmitted to cattle by the tick Ripicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, which occurs in practically the entire national territory. The economic impacts of babesiosis include the drop in animal performance, with reduced milk production, weight loss, abortion and mortality. Infection with the Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina protozoa causes intravascular hemolysis with potentially fatal effects. In infections by B. bovis, a severe neurological condition can be observed due to congestion of the brain capillaries, with parasitized red blood cells. The consequent hypoxia in the central nervous system culminates in manifestations of motor incoordination, aggressiveness and pedaling movements. In addition to fever and prostration, babesiosis caused by B. bigemina has hemoglobinuria. Knowing aspects of epidemiology, clinical signs, therapeutic conduct and forms of control and prophylaxis related to bovine babesiosis is essential for field veterinarians. In view of the great importance of bovine babesiosis and its deleterious effects on livestock, this review addresses aspects about epidemiology, the biological cycle of protozoa, clinical signs, post-mortem injuries and subsidies for the diagnosis of the disease.

Os desafios do complexo da tristeza parasitária bovina – TPB

“…No contexto brasileiro, os principais agentes etiológicos desse tipo de enfermidade são o Anaplasma marginale, a Babesia bovis, e a Babesia bigemina (Quevedo & Quevedo, 2020).…”

“…Como característica principal, as babésias apresentam elevado grau de infecção e multiplicação por eritrócitos. No caso da babesia bovis, tem-se nela a espécie mais patogênica encontrada nos bovinos (Quevedo & Quevedo, 2020).…”

“…Na composição do complexo da TPB, a Anaplasmose é causada pela bactéria Anaplasma marginale, também transmitida por carrapatos, ou por insetos hematófagos. Entretanto, a forma iatrogênica é uma das possibilidades de transmissão dessa doença, principalmente no manuseio de instrumentos cirúrgicos contaminados, material de vacinação, transfusões de sangue etc (Ulsenheimer et al, 2020;Quevedo & Quevedo, 2020).…”

Uso da espectroscopia de infravermelho próximo com Transformada de Fourier (FT-NIR) para acompanhar o processo de Tristeza Parasitária Bovina / Use of near-infrared spectroscopy with Fourier Transform (FT-NIR) to accompany the Bovine Parasitic Sadness process

“…The tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (R.microplus) can transmit two protozoa to cattle: Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, and a rickettsia Anaplasma marginale. So, babesiosis is transmitted by Babesia and anaplasmosis by Rickettsia [7] [8].…”

“…It is considered one of the health problems of greatest economic damage in cattle raising, which translates into high rates of mortality and morbidity, with a significant reduction in the production of milk and/or meat, causing high cost with special handling and treatments [9][8] [10]. The basic clinical symptoms are: fever, anemia, lack of appetite, among others [9] [8]. Tropical and subtropical climates facilitate the vector's direct action on the host, which greatly affects cattle ranching in these climates [10].…”