Aspectos metodológicos do comportamento ingestivo de ovinos alimentados com capim-elefante amonizado e subprodutos agroindustriais

Carvalho, Gleidson Giordano Pinto de; Pires, Aureliano José Vieira; Silva, Robério Rodrigues; Carvalho, Bruna Mara Aparecida de; Silva, Herymá Giovane de Oliveira; Carvalho, Lorendane Millena de

doi:10.1590/s1516-35982007000500017

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Other results presented in literature, as those observed by Silva et al (2004) and Carvalho et al (2007), who tested intervals up to 30 min for eating behavior study of heifers and sheep, respectively, also indicated a 5-min interval as the most appropriate to obtain the estimations of behavioral activities. Like in the present study, the observation loss due to using intervals larger than 5 minutes in these studies also implied on inferior number of eating, rumination and idle periods, consequently resulting in longer time spent per period of these activities.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Evaluation of intervals between observations on estimation of eating behavior of cattle

Carvalho¹,

García²,

Pires³

et al. 2011

R. Bras. Zootec.

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-The effect of different intervals between observations on the estimation of the eating behavior of dairy heifers and lactating cows was evaluated. Twenty Holstein-zebu crossbred dairy heifers were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four levels and five repetitions, fed isonitrogenous diets containing 71% sugar cane and 29% concentrate. Also, 16 dairy crossbred cows were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four levels and four repetitions. They received isonitrogenous diets, containing 85% sugar cane and 1% concentrate. For both heifers and lactating cows, the sugar cane used was treated with doses of 0, 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25% CaO, and corrected with 1% of urea and ammonium sulfate mixture (9:1), at the moment of offering the diets. The experimental period was 21 days long, with observations done on the 19 th and 20 th days, during 24 hours, at intervals of 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. For both heifers and cows, lower values were verified for number of periods (nº/day) and higher values were obtained for average time spent per period of eating, rumination and idle activities, for 10-, 15-and 20-minute intervals. The mean dry matter and neutral detergent fiber with corrections for ash and protein intake per period of eating was also lower for 10-, 15-and 20-minute intervals. The intervals between observations of 10, 15 and 20 minutes lead to underestimation of the number of periods (nº/day) and to overestimation of the average time spent per period of eating, rumination and idle (min) on dairy heifers and cows, resulting in fallacy estimations. The use of 5-minute intervals for studying cattle eating behavior is recommended.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Evaluation of intervals between observations on estimation of eating behavior of cattle

Carvalho¹,

García²,

Pires³

et al. 2011

R. Bras. Zootec.

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“…Carvalho et al (2007b) observaram que a escala de cinco minutos é a mais recomendada por permitir detectar, detalhadamente, a distribuição do pastejo ao longo do dia.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Aspectos metodológicos do comportamento ingestivo de bovinos em pastejo

et al. 2011

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RESUMO -Avaliaram-se os tempos de pastejo de novilhas em pastagem natural, obtidos de forma visual em intervalos de 5 minutos. A partir dos dados originais, calcularam-se os intervalos de observação de 10, 15 e 20 minutos. Foram utilizadas quatro novilhas mestiças Angus × Nelore com peso médio de 249 ± 6 kg PV. Empregou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos (ofertas de forragem de 4, 8, 12 e 16 kg de MS/100 kg de PV) e duas repetições, tendo como critério de bloqueamento o tipo de solo. O método de pastejo foi o contínuo com taxa de lotação variável. Os tempos de pastejo, ruminação e outras atividades não diferiram entre as escalas testadas, portanto, podem ser observados a cada 20 minutos, porém, o número e a duração das refeições e de seus intervalos apresentaram variações conforme a escala de observação. Somente a escala de observação de cinco minutos permitiu detectar as alterações diárias que compõem a dinâmica das refeições no comportamento ingestivo de animais em pastejo. Os cálculos comprovaram superestimação de 20 minutos na duração da refeição quando observada a cada 10 minutos em relação à observação a cada 5 minutos.Palavras-chave: bioma Pampa, escalas de observação, oferta de forragem, pastagem natural Methodological aspects of ingestive behavior of grazing cattleABSTRACT -It was evaluated grazing times of heifers in natural pasture, obtained by visual assessment in 5-minute intervals. By using the original data, it was calculated observation intervals of 10, 15 and 20 minutes. It was used four crossbreed Angus × Nellore heifers, with average weight of 249 ± 6 kg BW. The completely randomized block design was used with four treatments (forage allowance of 4, 8, 12 and 16 kg DM/100 kg BW) and two replicates, and type of soil was the blocking factor. The grazing method was continuous stocking with variable stocking rate. Grazing time, ruminating time and time of other activities did not differ among scales tested, therefore, they can be observed at every 20 minutes, but the number and duration of meals and its intervals presented variations according to observation scale.Only the observation scale of 5 minutes allowed the detection of daily modifications which compose meal dynamics upon the ingestive behavior of grazing animals. Estimates proved overestimation of 20 minutes in meal duration when observed at every 10 minutes in relation to the observation at every 5 minutes.

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“…Two days before the end of the performance trial, the time spent feeding, ruminating, and on other activities (idleness, drinking, defecation, and urination) was recorded during 24 h straight, in five-minute intervals, according to Carvalho et al (2007). During the night time observation, the environment was maintained under artificial illumination.…”

Section: Chemical Composition and In Vitro Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional value of whole coconut, coconut powder, and coconut fiber treated with sodium hydroxide for sheep

et al. 2016

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The growing consumption of green coconut -fresh and industrialized -in Brazil generates a large volume of wastes and coproducts that justifies the search for alternatives for their use in animal feeding. The most limiting factor to the inclusion of these coproducts in ruminant diets is their high fiber content, which may restrict intake and performance. The present study determined the composition and in vitro dry matter degradability of whole coconut, coconut powder, and coconut fiber treated with sodium hydroxide (0%, 3%, and 6%) and the effect of including whole coconut hydrolyzed with 6% sodium hydroxide at different concentrations (25%, 30%, 35%, and 40%) in the diet on apparent digestibility of nutrients, performance, and feeding behavior of sheep. Alkalinization decreased the hemicellulose, NDF, and ADF contents of the evaluated coproducts. Whole coconut and coconut powder provided greater in vitro degradation of DM compared with coconut fiber, with highest values obtained with the inclusion of 6% sodium hydroxide. Inclusion of whole coconut in the diets did not affect the intakes of DM, CP, NDF, and ADF, but influenced weight gain, feed conversion, and apparent digestibility of DM and NDF. Regarding the feeding behavior of the animals, the inclusion of whole coconut in the diet only affected their rumination time. Whole coconut hydrolyzed with 6% NAOH can be included in diets for feedlot sheep at up to 35% without reducing intake or weight gain.Index terms: Cocos nucifera; NaOH; coproduct. RESUMOAvaliou-se a composição química e a degradação in vitro da matéria seca do coco integral, do pó de coco e da fibra de coco tratados com hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) e o efeito da inclusão do coco integral hidrolisado com 6% de NaOH sobre a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, o desempenho e o comportamento ingestivo em ovinos -0%, 3% e 6% -e o efeito da inclusão do coco integral hidrolisado com 6% de hidróxido de sódio em diferentes concentrações na dieta -25%, 30%, 35% e 40% -sobre a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, o desempenho e o comportamento ingestivo, em ovinos. A alcalinização diminuiu os teores de hemicelulose, FDN e FDA dos coprodutos avaliados. O coco integral e o pó de coco apresentaram maior degradação in vitro da MS em relação a fibra de coco, com maiores valores obtidos com a inclusão de 6% de hidróxido de sódio. A inclusão de coco integral nas dietas não afetou o consumo de MS, de PB, de FDN e de FDA, mas influenciou o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar e a digestibilidade aparente da MS e da FDN. Quanto ao comportamento ingestivo dos animais, só houve efeito de inclusão do coco integral na dieta sobre o tempo de ruminação. O coco tratado com 6% de NaOH pode ser utilizado em até 35% na dieta de ovinos, pois não reduz o consumo e o ganho de peso desses animais.

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Aspectos metodológicos do comportamento ingestivo de ovinos alimentados com capim-elefante amonizado e subprodutos agroindustriais

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluation of intervals between observations on estimation of eating behavior of cattle

Evaluation of intervals between observations on estimation of eating behavior of cattle

Aspectos metodológicos do comportamento ingestivo de bovinos em pastejo

Nutritional value of whole coconut, coconut powder, and coconut fiber treated with sodium hydroxide for sheep

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