Aspects of stratospheric long-term changes induced by ozone depletion

Cagnazzo, Chiara; Claud, Chantal; Hare, Sylvia H. E.

doi:10.1007/s00382-006-0120-1

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The Stratospheric Sounding Units (SSU) have been a component of the same series of NOAA operational meteorological satellites (TIROS‐N and NOAA 6 through NOAA14; see Figure 2) that have carried the MSU, since 1979, although data is only available through October 2005. SSU provides the only near‐global source of data on temperature trends above the lower stratosphere over such a long period; it has been extensively used in assessments of those trends, and their possible causes [e.g., Nash and Forrester , 1986; Ramaswamy et al , 2001; Shine et al , 2003; WMO , 2006; Cagnazzo et al , 2006].…”

Section: Data Sets and Trend Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update of observed stratospheric temperature trends

et al. 2009

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An updated analysis of observed stratospheric temperature variability and trends is presented on the basis of satellite, radiosonde, and lidar observations. Satellite data include measurements from the series of NOAA operational instruments, including the Microwave Sounding Unit covering 1979-2007 and the Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU) covering 1979-2005. Radiosonde results are compared for six different data sets, incorporating a variety of homogeneity adjustments to account for changes in instrumentation and observational practices. Temperature changes in the lower stratosphere show cooling of ~0.5 K/decade over much of the globe for 1979-2007, with some differences in detail among the different radiosonde and satellite data sets. Substantially larger cooling trends are observed in the Antarctic lower stratosphere during spring and summer, in association with development of the Antarctic ozone hole. Trends in the lower stratosphere derived from radiosonde data are also analyzed, for a longer record (back to 1958); trends for the presatellite era (1958-1978) have a large range among the different homogenized data sets, implying large trend uncertainties. Trends in the middle and upper stratosphere have been derived from updated SSU data, taking into account changes in the SSU weighting functions due to observed atmospheric CO2 increases. The results show mean cooling of 0.5-1.5 K/decade during 1979-2005, with the greatest cooling in the upper stratosphere near 40-50 km. Temperature anomalies throughout the stratosphere were relatively constant during the decade 1995-2005. Long records of lidar temperature measurements at a few locations show reasonable agreement with SSU trends, although sampling uncertainties are large in the localized lidar measurements. Updated estimates of the solar cycle influence on stratospheric temperatures show a statistically significant signal in the tropics (~30°N-S), with an amplitude (solar maximum minus solar minimum) of ~0.5 K (lower stratosphere) to ~1.0 K (upper stratosphere)

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Section: Data Sets and Trend Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update of observed stratospheric temperature trends

et al. 2009

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“…Kirchner and Peters 2003;Peters et al 2015) compared to zonally symmetric ozone variations. In many long-term General Circulation Model simulations, a prescribed time series of zonal mean ozone is employed (Cagnazzo et al 2006;Cionni et al 2011;Szopa et al 2013;Gonzalez et al 2014;Xie et al 2016Xie et al , 2017 and the ZAO heating effects, which have an important contribution to chemical-radiative-dynamical feedbacks (e.g. Sassi et al 2005;Nathan and Cordero 2007;Gabriel et al 2007Gabriel et al , 2013McCormack et al 2011;Peters et al 2015), are not properly considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zonally asymmetric trends of winter total column ozone in the northern middle latitudes

et al. 2018

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Using various satellite-based observations, a linear ozone transport model (LOTM), a chemistry-climate model (WACCM3) and an offline chemical transport model (SLIMCAT), zonally asymmetric trends of the total column ozone (TCO) in the northern middle latitudes during winter for the period 1979-2015 are analyzed and factors responsible for the trends are diagnosed. The results reveal that there are significant negative TCO trends over the North Pacific and positive TCO trends over the northwestern North America. The zonally asymmetric TCO trends are mainly contributed by the trends in partial column ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) which are closely related to the long-term changes of geopotential height in the troposphere. Furthermore, the trends of geopontential height in the UTLS are mainly modulated by pattern changes in the Arctic Oscillation (AO), the Cold Ocean-Warm Land (COWL) and the North Pacific (NP) index. Accordingly, the zonally asymmetric TCO trends can be largely reconstructed by the trends of the above three teleconnection patterns. Sea surface temperature (SST) changes over the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean can also exert a significant contribution to the zonally asymmetric TCO trends through their influence on the COWL and NP patterns. In addition, chemical ozone loss partially offsets the positive trends in zonal TCO anomalies over Central Siberia and enhances the positive TCO trends over northwestern North America. However, the contribution of chemical processes to the zonally asymmetric TCO trends is relatively smaller than that of dynamical transport effects. Interpreting the zonally asymmetric TCO trends and their responsible factors would be helpful for accurately predicting the stratospheric ozone return date in the northern middle latitudes.

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“…Without any strong political regulation process, the cooling rate should persist except if the natural sinks of carbon dioxide (ocean and biosphere) evolve. Stratospheric ozone decrease has led to an additional cooling in the upper stratosphere [ Hare et al , 2004; Cagnazzo et al , 2006]. The induced cooling rate is expected to be roughly of the same order of magnitude than the cooling due to greenhouse gases (respectively −1.3 K per decade and −1.2 K per decade).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of stratospheric warmings to temperature trends in the middle atmosphere from the lidar series obtained at Haute‐Provence Observatory (44°N)

Angot¹,

Keckhut²,

Hauchecorne³

et al. 2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] This study describes a method to calculate long-term temperature trends, as an alternative to the ones based on monthly mean temperatures, which are highly impacted by the high winter variability partially due to wave-mean flow interactions like Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSW). This method avoids the strong influence of SSWs and provides "background" temperature trend estimates which are in better agreement with expected direct radiative effects. The data set used results from lidar measurements -performed above southern France continuously since late 1978 -combined with radiosonde profiles. With this new methodology, the long-term trends during winter at 40 km shows a larger cooling per decade (À2 AE 0.4 K) than when the mean temperature is used (À0.4 AE 0.4 K). The background temperature trend is closer to the summer trend estimates which are similar whatever the temperature proxy used, due to the absence of SSWs (À2.9 AE 0.3 K per decade with the mean-based method and À3.4 AE 0.3 K per decade with the background-based calculation). Based on this background temperature, composite evolutions of winter anomalies for both vortex-displacement and vortex-splitting major SSWs have been displayed: in both cases the largest warming occurs at the time of the SSW in the upper stratosphere, with mean amplitudes of more than 10 K. A warm signal in the upper mesosphere could suggest a potential precursory role of gravity waves. Displacement-type events present an 18-day periodicity, which is a clear sign of the wave number one Rossby wave. Colder tropospheric temperatures are noticed before and during the SSW, and warmer ones after the event, with a stronger signal for split-type events.Citation: Angot, G., P. Keckhut, A. Hauchecorne, and C. Claud (2012), Contribution of stratospheric warmings to temperature trends in the middle atmosphere from the lidar series obtained at

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Aspects of stratospheric long-term changes induced by ozone depletion

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

An update of observed stratospheric temperature trends

An update of observed stratospheric temperature trends

Zonally asymmetric trends of winter total column ozone in the northern middle latitudes

Contribution of stratospheric warmings to temperature trends in the middle atmosphere from the lidar series obtained at Haute‐Provence Observatory (44°N)

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