Aspergillus nidulans hypA regulates morphogenesis through the secretion pathway

Shi, Xinjie; Yu, Sha; Kaminskyj, Susan G. W.

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2003.09.004

Cited by 41 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…As further evidence for a probable 'trans-like' nature of the CopA-containing organelles, Hubbard & Kaminskyj (2008) report colocalization of CopA with a transgenic transmembrane fragment of rat a-2,6-sialyltransferase, which in mammals localizes to trans Golgi cisternae (Roth et al, 1985). Now that usable Golgi markers have been introduced (this study; Breakspear et al, 2007), combined with temperature-sensitive mutations in Golgi trafficking (Whittaker et al, 1999;Shi et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2008), significant strides can be made in the study of the structure and function of Golgi equivalents in A. nidulans and other filamentous fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Two GDP-mannose transporters contribute to hyphal form and cell wall integrity in Aspergillus nidulans

et al. 2008

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In order to identify novel genes affecting cell wall integrity, we have generated mutant strains of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans that show hypersensitivity to the chitin-binding agent Calcofluor White (CFW). Affected loci are designated cal loci. The phenotype of one of these alleles, calI11, also includes shortened hyphal compartments and increased density of branching in the absence of CFW, as well as reduced staining of cell walls by the lectin FITC-Concanavalin A (ConA), which has strong binding affinity for mannosyl residues. We have identified two A. nidulans genes (AN8848.3 and AN9298.3, designated gmtA and gmtB, respectively) that complement all aspects of the phenotype. Both genes show strong sequence similarity to GDPmannose transporters (GMTs) of Saccharomyces and other yeasts. Sequencing of gmtA from the calI11 mutant strain reveals a G to C mutation at position 943, resulting in a predicted alanine to proline substitution at amino acid position 315 within a region that is highly conserved among other fungi. No mutations were observed in the mutant strain's allele of gmtB. Meiotic mapping demonstrated a recombination frequency of under 1 % between the calI locus and the phenA locus (located~9.5 kb from AN8848.3), confirming that gmtA and calI are identical. A GmtA-GFP chimera exhibits a punctate distribution pattern, consistent with that shown by putative Golgi markers in A. nidulans. However, this distribution did not overlap with that of the putative Golgi equivalent marker CopA-monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP), which may indicate that the physically separated Golgi-equivalent organelles of A. nidulans represent physiologically distinct counterparts of the stacked cisternae of plants and animals. These findings demonstrate that gmtA and gmtB play roles in cell wall metabolism in A. nidulans similar to those previously reported for GMTs in yeasts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Accordingly, critical wall-related and morphogenetic roles have been demonstrated for several proteins involved in vesicular traffic (e.g. Whittaker et al, 1999;Shi et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2008) and in the pathways of protein mannosylation (e.g. Willer et al, 2005;Upadhyay & Shaw, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two GDP-mannose transporters contribute to hyphal form and cell wall integrity in Aspergillus nidulans

et al. 2008

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“…hypA1 is another thermosensitive mutant of the hyp collection, found to control hyphal morphogenesis through secretion (Kaminskyj and Hamer 1998, Harris et al 1999, Shi et al 2004. HypA is a homolog of Trs120, a subunit of the Golgi-related oligomeric transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex.…”

Section: Rabementioning

confidence: 99%

The Golgi apparatus: insights from filamentous fungi

Pantazopoulou

2016

Mycologia

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Cargo passage through the Golgi, albeit an undoubtedly essential cellular function, is a mechanistically unresolved and much debated process. Although the main molecular players are conserved, diversification of the Golgi among different eukaryotic lineages is providing us with tools to resolve standing controversies. During the past decade the Golgi apparatus of model filamentous fungi, mainly Aspergillus nidulans, has been intensively studied. Here an overview of the most important findings in the field is provided. Golgi architecture and dynamics, as well as the novel cell biology tools that were developed in filamentous fungi in these studies, are addressed. An emphasis is placed on the central role the Golgi has as a crossroads in the endocytic and secretory-traffic pathways in hyphae. Finally the major advances that the A. nidulans Golgi biology has yielded so far regarding our understanding of key Golgi regulators, such as the Rab GTPases RabC Rab6 and RabE Rab11 , the oligomeric transport protein particle, TRAPPII, and the Golgi guanine nucleotide exchange factors of Arf1, GeaA GBF1/Gea1 and HypB BIG/Sec7 , are highlighted.

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“…The hypA gene encodes an orthologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Trs120p, a regulatory subunit in the COPII secretory pathway implicated in fungal GE transit (Shi et al, 2004). When grown at 28 u C, hypA1 strains have a wild-type phenotype (Kaminskyj & Hamer, 1998;Kaminskyj & Boire, 2004;Shi et al, 2004). When grown at 42 u C, hypA1 strains have reduced cell polarity, swollen GEs and thick cell walls, but these restrictive-phenotype cells establish wild-type-morphology hyphal branches within an hour of being shifted to 28 u C (Kaminskyj & Hamer, 1998;Kaminskyj & Boire, 2004;Shi et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid tip-directed movement of Golgi equivalents in growing Aspergillus nidulans hyphae suggests a mechanism for delivery of growth-related materials

Hubbard

Kaminskyj

2008

Microbiology

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Golgi equivalents (GEs) process materials in the fungal secretory pathway. Despite the importance of localized secretion in fungal tip growth, GE behaviour in living hyphae has not been documented. The distribution was monitored of an Aspergillus nidulans putative GE-associated protein, CopA, tagged with GFP (CopA-GFP). This co-localized with a Golgi body/GE marker established in other systems, a-2,6-sialyltransferase, tagged with red fluorescent protein (ST-RFP). CopA-GFP and ST-RFP distributions responded similarly to brefeldin A, which impairs Golgi/GE trafficking. We used a CopA-GFP, hypA1 strain to study GE distribution and behaviour in growing A. nidulans hyphae. This strain has a wild-type phenotype at 28 6C, can be manipulated by changing growth temperature or by use of cytoskeleton inhibitors, and its GE behaviour is consistent with that in a wild-type-morphology strain. A. nidulans GEs were more abundant at hyphal tips than subapically, and showed saltatory motility in all directions. Anterograde GE movements predominated. These were positively correlated with, but at least 10-fold faster than, hyphal growth rate, under all growth and experimental conditions investigated. The actin inhibitor latrunculin B reduced both anterograde GE movement and hyphal growth rate, whereas the microtubule (MT) depolymerizer benomyl increased anterograde GE movement and decreased hyphal growth rate. The MT stabilizer taxol increased A. nidulans GE movement but not hyphal growth rate. A. nidulans GE motility appears to have a complex dependence on both actin and MTs. We present a model for apical delivery of growth materials in which A. nidulans GEs play a role in long-distance transport. INTRODUCTIONFungal tip growth uses the coordinated activities of the endomembrane and cytoskeletal systems to target growth materials to the hyphal apex (Bartnicki-Garcia, 2002;Heath, 1990Heath, , 1995. Golgi bodies process and sort materials (Farquhar & Palade, 1981, 1998Matheson et al., 2006;Mogelsvang & Howell, 2006), including those destined for secretion. Fungal Golgi equivalents (GEs) differ morphologically from Golgi bodies in animals and plants but perform similar functions (Beckett et al., 1974;Bentivoglio & Mazzarello, 1998;Cole et al., 2000), making them central players in the tip growth process. As in most fungi, Aspergillus nidulans GEs imaged with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have single pleiomorphic cisternae (Beckett et al., 1974;Kaminskyj & Boire, 2004; Kurtz et al., 1994).The distribution of organelles (Bartnicki-Garcia, 2002) and proteins (McGoldrick et al., 1995;Sharpless & Harris, 2002) can be used to infer their function. Evidence from A. nidulans (Breakspear et al., 2007), Aspergillus oryzae (Akao et al., 2006), Candida albicans (Rida et al., 2006) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Matsuura-Tokita et al., 2006) suggests that GE distribution in fungi is related to tip growth.The behaviour of organelles in living A. nidulans hyphae has been revolutionized by fluorescent protein tagging (e.g. Suelmann & Fischer...

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Aspergillus nidulans hypA regulates morphogenesis through the secretion pathway

Cited by 41 publications

References 71 publications

Two GDP-mannose transporters contribute to hyphal form and cell wall integrity in Aspergillus nidulans

Two GDP-mannose transporters contribute to hyphal form and cell wall integrity in Aspergillus nidulans

The Golgi apparatus: insights from filamentous fungi

Rapid tip-directed movement of Golgi equivalents in growing Aspergillus nidulans hyphae suggests a mechanism for delivery of growth-related materials

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