Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger Co-Cultivation Extract Affects In Vitro Degradation, Fermentation Characteristics, and Bacterial Composition in a Diet-Specific Manner

Abstract

AOAN may provide enzymes to improve the digestibility of feeds and enhance rumen fermentation. This study determined the effects of AOAN on digestibility, fermentation characteristics, and bacterial composition using in vitro gas recording fermentation system. A total of 30 mg of AOAN was supplemented into 500 mg of TMR, corn silage, oat hay, and alfalfa hay. Fermentation parameters and bacterial communities were determined after 48 h fermentation, and digestibility was determined after 7, 24, 30, and 48 h fermentation. Gas production and dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility were significantly increased by AOAN supplementation at 48 h (p < 0.05), except for digestibility of CP of the TMR (p > 0.05). AOAN increased starch digestibility in corn silage (p < 0.05) and tended to increase that in TMR (0.05 < p < 0.10). AOAN supplementation increased total volatile fatty acid production (p < 0.05). The molar proportions of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio of oat hay and alfalfa hay were increased (p < 0.05). The 16S rRNA analysis revealed that the microbial richness of TMR and oat hay, and microbial evenness of TMR were increased (p < 0.05). AOAN did not affect the α diversity, β diversity, and bacterial composition of the corn silage. The relative abundance of Prevotella was increased and Ruminococcus was decreased in TMR, oat hay, and alfalfa hay. In conclusion, results suggest that AOAN has the potential to improve the utilization of diets differently, including providing enzymes with changing microbiota (TMR, oat hay, and alfalfa hay) or providing enzymes alone (corn silage).

Nutrient Digestibility, Microbial Fermentation, and Response in Bacterial Composition to Methionine Dipeptide: An In Vitro Study

“…Our data showed Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, to be prevalent regardless of the treatment. These results were consistent with previous results [ 31 ]. Our β-diversity, dendrogram analysis, and phylum composition visualized by heatmap plot further showed the UR, MD, and Met groups were clustered together, separated from the CON group.…”

“…The culture fluid for volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) concentrations were measured by gas chromatography (Agilent 6890N, Agilent Technologies, Inc., Beijing, China) and Multiskan SkyHigh microplate reader (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shanghai, China) according to Kong et al [ 31 ].…”

Acremonium terricola Culture’s Dose–Response Effects on Lactational Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Ruminal Characteristics in Holstein Dairy Cows

“…The rest of the fluid was stored in a 2 mL centrifuge tube and frozen at –80 °C for 16S sequencing. VFA content was quantified using gas chromatography (Agilent 6890N, Agilent Technology, Inc., Beijing, China), according to Kong et al [ 37 ].…”

Role of Live Microbes for Fermentation and Enhancement of Feeding Value of Wheat Straw as Animal Fodder

“…The crude protein percentage analyzed a considerable increment in both treatments. A compared to control via 5.33, there is a treasured result of distinguishing between bacterial and fungal inoculated and fermented samples 10.01% and eight 64%, respectively [33] which suggested the exact that impartial detergent fiber NDF and ADF reduced by using 45.1% and 31.5%, respectively (Table 2).…”