Assessing a novel smartphone application – SnapCard, compared to five imaging systems to quantify droplet deposition on artificial collectors

Abstract

a b s t r a c tPrevious work sought to compare the results from imaging software for characterising droplet coverage, but none exists examining these five software programs: Droplet Scan Ò , Swath Kit Ò , Deposit Scan, Image J, and Drop Vision Ò -Ag. Additionally, a freely available smartphone application (App), SnapCard was developed to provide an extension tool for in-field analysis of spray collectors, but nothing has been published regarding its comparison to other imaging software systems. The present study was conducted to compare five existing imaging software types against the new App, SnapCard. Six nozzles producing different spray qualities were selected to spray a water + Brilliant Blue Dye solution over two artificial collector types (water sensitive paper and Kromekote Ò ). Each collector was assessed for percent coverage using the five imaging systems and SnapCard. Objectives of this study were: 1. To establish a baseline dataset using the sprayed cards and five commonly used imaging systems, and compare the coverage results from each. 2. Use the baseline data from Objective 1 as a measurement of precision to judge the results from SnapCard. 3. Make an assessment of SnapCard against the other imaging software type data in the study.Results showed that SnapCard has similar measured coverage means compared to other image analysis systems. For both collector types, SnapCard measured coverage within one standard deviation of the means across nozzle types. SnapCard is able to provide an immediate answer without expensive software or needing a laboratory to measure sprayed collector coverage with precise results, which further underscores its value. The other software types were not all similar for coverage, but the data followed the same trends for droplet size. Increasing the droplet size consistently decreased the coverage, across both collector types. Droplet Scan reported the highest coverage while Drop Vision-Ag and Swath Kit gave lower coverage values on water sensitive paper and Kromekote Ò collectors, respectively.

Monitoring of the Pesticide Droplet Deposition with a Novel Capacitance Sensor

“…To enhance the assessment efficiency of the deposition quality for the spray, several approaches have been introduced based on the image processing technology [9]. Various systems have been open for users to identify the pesticide deposition effect by analyzing the images of the water sensitive paper after the application, for instance, the Swath Kit [10], the USDA Image Analyzer [11], the Droplet Scan [12], the Deposit Scan [13], the Image J [14], and the Drop Vision-Ag [15].…”

Optimization of variables for maximizing efficacy and efficiency in aerial spray application to cotton using unmanned aerial systems

“…DepositScan [28] software was used to obtain the droplet deposition characteristic values from the images. Spray application quality is commonly assessed by the droplet size spectrum, deposition density, percentage coverage and distribution uniformity across the swath [29,30] . In the present study, cotton defoliant sprays were assessed based on droplet coverage and CV [31,32] .…”

A Survey on Mobile Applications for Smart Agriculture

“…From the literature surveyed, 1-tier (standalone) SAAs serve different agricultural themes such as irrigation management [11,22,61], pest control and management [17,26,46], and risk management [24]. The examples of these applications are as indicated in Table 1.…”

“…Other applications in this category serve as decision support tools to farmers; for instance, AgroDecisor EFC [17] that recommends to farmers on proper application of fungicides by comparing the user input against threshold. On the other hand, SnapCard [26] and DropLeaf [47] use image analysis techniques to compare fungicide spray nozzles against end-user specifications. The analysed outcome is then used to recommend to the farmer whether to apply fungicide or not.…”

“…SnapCard [26] Weed and pest control Crop spraying 1-tier Android VillageTree [77] Weed and pest control Gathering pest incidence reports 2-tier iOS, Android MobiCrop [43,44] Weed and pest control Sharing information on pesticides 3-tier iOS AgroDecisor EFC [17] Weed and pest control Fungicide treatment estimation 1-tier Android DropLeaf [47] Weed and pest control Crop health 1-tier Android AgriMaps [37] Land management Crop and land management recommendation…”