Assessing Changes Over Time in Inequality of Opportunity: The Case of Spain

Inequality and Opportunities in the Spanish Regions: The Role of Immigration

“…With regard to the contribution of the different circumstances to IOp, we observe that, as expected, family background circumstances ( parental education and parental occupation ) play a decisive role in the amount of IOp in each region. Nevertheless, we cannot ignore the contribution of the variable referred to the place of birth ( immigrant ), which shows a significant increase in its contribution to total IOp, as shown at a national level by Suárez-Álvarez and López-Menéndez (2018a). Furthermore, in many cases, family background circumstances are less important than the place of birth.…”

“…These variables are of great importance when analyzing IOp since parental background usually entails a great part of overall IOp (see Bourguignon, Ferreira, and Menéndez 2007; Marrero and Rodríguez 2011; Suárez-Álvarez and López-Menéndez 2018a); therefore, we cannot estimate IOp without this sort of variables. Likewise, the information referred to these two years allows us to compare the situation before and after the recession.…”

“…We measure inequality between individuals using as outcome variable the equivalized disposable income of households, 2 that is claimed to be a good indicator of well-being and a good proxy of the truly available income individuals benefit from. Most of the studies about IOp based on EU-SILC have used this variable for their analyses, such as Brzezinski (2015); Marrero and Rodríguez (2012); Palomino, Marrero, and Rodríguez (2019); Suárez-Álvarez and López-Menéndez (2018b, 2018a).…”

“…There are many evidences in the literature about the contribution of foreign-born individuals to IOp. Suárez-Álvarez and López-Menéndez (2018a) find that the place of birth is one of the most important circumstances in Spain since it accounts for 20.67 percent of total IOp in 2004 and for 37.2 percent in 2010. This increase seems to be closely related to immigration since the share of immigrants in total population increases between these two years.…”

Regional Dimension Of Inequality Of Opportunity In Russian Federation

“…Methods for measuring of opportunity inequality were applied to microdata from many countries including China (Golley et al, 2019;Jinyan & Wen, 2019), India (Choudhary et al, 2019;Sharma & Paramati, 2017), EU countries (Brzezinski, 2019;Pasqualini et al, 2017;Suárez-Álvarez & López-Menéndez, 2017;Suárez-Álvarez & López-Menéndez, 2020), Egypt (Assaad et al, 2017;Galal & El Enbaby, 2020), Russia (Ibragimova & Frants, 2019;Ibragimova & Frants, 2020). Most studies deals with evaluation of inequality of opportunity on the national level.…”