Assessing climate and human activity effects on lake characteristics using spatio-temporal satellite data and an emotional neural network

Abstract

Different sensing methods provide valuable information for comprehensive monitoring strategies, which are crucial for the ecological management of lakes and watersheds. Subsequently, the resulting spatio-temporal information can be considered the fundamental knowledge for the water resources management of watersheds.Lake Urmia is deemed one of the most important aquatic habitats in Iran. It has been experiencing significant changes during recent years due to climate change, anthropogenic activities, and a lack of coherent management approaches. Hence, awareness of the hydro-ecological factors during the last few decades is critical for identifying the problems. In this research, the impacts of changes in key parameters such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, water surface temperatures, suspended sediment concentration, saline features, and vegetation are explored using satellite imagery. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the Lake Urmia crisis concerning humaninvolved and climate factors such as the agriculture sector and construction of the causeway. In this regard, a limbic based Emotional Artificial Neural Network (EANN) is developed as a non-linear universal mapping and implemented for the first time to demonstrate the interactions between the considered hydro-ecological factors and the sensitivity of the two indicators the lake health. Providing a comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis is another objective of this study in order to detect the onset of deterioration in the parameters. The values of the efficiency criteria were measured to evaluate the sensitivity of the EANN models to the related inputs. The quantitative results confirm that the combination of both climate and anthropogenic factors, including the agricultural sector's overdraft, leads to the most efficient EANN model and, consequently, is considered the leading cause of the crisis.

Surface Water under Growing Anthropogenic Loads: From Global Perspectives to Regional Implications

“…Climate warming can stimulate the processes of salinization of lakes in arid and s arid regions due to an increase in evaporative concentration. This phenomenon has b established for a number of lakes in arid zones in North America, Kazakhstan, So Russia, Iran (Lake Urmia), and other water bodies [32][33][34][35][36]. The Crimean lakes of Ru on the western coast of the peninsula are located in the arid climate zone, they are typ hypersaline reservoirs, and in summer, they dry out at high air and water temperatu The dynamics of changes in their ecological state during the year season may reflec process of ecosystem transformation during the period of extremely hot conditions in summer period, followed by restoration to normal functioning in the autumn-wi period [35].…”

“…Climate warming can stimulate the processes of salinization of lakes in arid and semi-arid regions due to an increase in evaporative concentration. This phenomenon has been established for a number of lakes in arid zones in North America, Kazakhstan, South Russia, Iran (Lake Urmia), and other water bodies [32][33][34][35][36]. The Crimean lakes of Russia on the western coast of the peninsula are located in the arid climate zone, they are typical hypersaline reservoirs, and in summer, they dry out at high air and water temperatures.…”

Spatial Analysis and Risk Evaluation for Port Crisis Management Using Integrated Soft Computing and GIS-Based Models: A Case Study of Jazan Port, Saudi Arabia

“…The EANN finds utility across a multitude of applications, owing to the distinctive attributes attributed to this cerebral region. Among these characteristics are its rapid response to stimuli resulting from the presence of short paths and a component that functions as a modifier for inappropriate responses and reactions [56,57]. The EANN comprises the orbito-amygdala, frontal thalamus, and sensory cortex.…”

Predicting the Effect of Hydro-Climatic and Land-Use Dynamic Variables on Watershed Health Status

“…The characteristics related to the physical criteria are generally constant. However, hydro-climatic characteristics and land-use change are among the possible characteristics that can have an in uential role on watershed health in different periods (Murphy 2020; Mojtahedi et al 2022). Therefore, the analysis of these characteristics and their effect on the watershed health status, the prediction of possible future changes, and its comparison with the current health status are among the expected goals of the researchers, after which appropriate management should be applied (Suehring 2017; Jabbar and Grote 2020; Lee et al 2021;Tankpa et al 2021).…”