Assessing Decentering: Validation, Psychometric Properties, and Clinical Usefulness of the Experiences Questionnaire in a Spanish Sample

Soler, Joaquim; Franquesa, Alba; Feliu‐Soler, Albert; Cebolla, Ausiàs; Garcı́a-Campayo, Javier; Tejedor, Rosa; Demarzo, Marcelo; Baños, Rosa; Pascual, Juan Carlos; Portella, Marı́a J.

doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.05.004

Cited by 76 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The NAS highly correlated with mindfulness facets, especially in the sample with meditative experience. Lower convergence between mindfulness-related variables in nonmeditative samples has also been reported before (e.g., de Bruin et al 2012), with observing the most problematic facet because of its erratic association with other mindfulness constructs in samples without meditative experience (e.g., Baer et al 2008;Soler et al 2014a). In the present study, the correlation between observing and the NAS was also the lowest (in both samples) among FFMQ facets.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…More than half of the participants (n = 355) reported some kind of previous meditative experience (mean lifetime of meditative practice = 7.12 years) while 270 reported no experience at all. As described elsewhere (Soler et al 2014a), the sample was recruited from the Autonomous University of Barcelona (Nursing and Psychology schools) and also by means of an internet-based commercial system (www.surveymonkey.com; Portland, OR, USA). A link to this website was posted on several Spanish scientific research and clinical portals of mindfulness and meditation.…”

Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Experiences Questionnaire (EQ; Fresco et al 2007a;Soler et al 2014a) is an 11-item measure to assess decentering understood as the capacity to observe one's thoughts and feelings as temporary and objective events of the mind (e.g., BI can separate myself from my thoughts and feelings^). Items are rated on a five-point Likert scale (ranging from 1, never or very rarely true, to 5, very often or always true) with higher scores reflecting greater decentering.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Nonattachment Scale (NAS) and Its Relationship with Mindfulness, Decentering, and Mental Health

et al. 2016

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Nonattachment is a Buddhism-rooted construct, which can be defined as the relative absence of fixation on ideas, images, or sensory objects, as well as an absence of internal pressure to get, hold, avoid, or change circumstances or experiences. The present study was aimed at exploring the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Nonattachment Scale (NAS) and at delimitating the relationship between the NAS and measures of mindfulness, decentering, and negative emotional symptoms. Pooling the NAS data from Spanish meditators (n = 335) and nonmeditators (n = 270), we performed an exploratory factor analysis and then estimated the fit of two competing models (one-factor model vs. one-factor model + method effects) via confirmatory factor analysis. Data analyses showed that the Spanish version of the NAS is unifactorial in nature and has excellent internal consistency. As expected, high (positive) significant correlations were found between NAS and mindfulness and decentering measures, as well as high significant (negative) relations between NAS and depression, anxiety, and stress scores. Positive relations were also observed between NAS and variables of meditation practice. Large differences among the meditative, nonmeditative, and clinical groups (n = 39 patients with borderline personality disorder) were observed regarding NAS scores. Scores on the NAS were significant predictors of negative emotional symptoms (depression, anxiety, and stress) and, especially, resilience. Furthermore, NAS provided a unique contribution in the regression models, going beyond mindfulness facets and decentering. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the NAS is a psychometrically sound instrument with a promising future in the field of mindfulness and meditation research and in clinical settings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Nonattachment Scale (NAS) and Its Relationship with Mindfulness, Decentering, and Mental Health

et al. 2016

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“…The third element in Baer's study (2008) was non-react, decentering in our study, but both of these facets highly overlap (Soler et al 2014b). Decentering allows the person to observe his or her experiences with greater clarity and therefore to choose wisely in accordance with personal values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Items are rated on a five-point Likert scale (1 = never to 5 = always). Spanish validation of the EQ-D scale showed high internal reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.89) (Soler et al 2014b). In our sample, Cronbach's α was also 0.89.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Meditation Practice Is Associated with a Values-Oriented Life: the Mediating Role of Decentering and Mindfulness

et al. 2017

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Clarification of personal values and meditation practice has been associated in most meditation traditions and in academic texts. Both values-related behavior and meditation practice increases well-being, but their relationship has not been well studied. It has been suggested that values, together with self-regulation, psychological flexibility, and exposure, are key mechanisms of action in mindfulness. The aims of this study were to explore the association between meditation and values and to examine the processes involved in this relation. A sample of 235 meditation-naïve participants and 274 subjects with varying levels of experience in meditation practice completed an online assessment protocol composed of Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Decentering Questionnaire (EQ), Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ), and Engagement with Life Scale (ELS). Results revealed that daily meditators were more consistent, aware, and life-fulfilled about their values; moreover, these measures correlated with the mindfulness process and decentering. The relation between meditation practice and values-related behavior (assessed by the VLQ) was mediated by decentering. The association between meditation practice and Valued Living and Life Fulfillment (measured by the ELS) was mediated by the decentering, describing, and nonjudging dimensions of mindfulness. The findings in this study support the relation between meditation and personal values, mediated by the decentering, describing, and non-judging facets of mindfulness.

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Relationship between effortful control and facets of mindfulness in meditators, non‐meditators and individuals with borderline personality disorder

Tortella-Feliu

Soler

Burns

et al. 2018

Personality & Mental Health

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As dimensions of effortful control (EC), activation control, attentional control, and inhibitory control could mediate the relationship between mindfulness meditation practice and the facets of mindfulness (i.e., observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging and non-reacting to inner experience). In this study, we tested whether participant status: meditators (n = 330), healthy non-meditators (n = 254) and individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis (n = 46) predicted the facets of mindfulness and if these potential effects were mediated through the three effortful control (EC) dimensions (activation, attentional and inhibitory control). Meditators scored higher than non-meditators on attentional and inhibitory control and on the facets of mindfulness with attentional and inhibitory control partially mediating this relationship between meditation status and mindfulness facets. Participants with BPD showed lower scores on EC along with lower scores on the facets of mindfulness compared with healthy non-meditators. All three aspects of EC partially mediated the relationship between BPD and mindfulness facets. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Assessing Decentering: Validation, Psychometric Properties, and Clinical Usefulness of the Experiences Questionnaire in a Spanish Sample

Cited by 76 publications

References 30 publications

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Nonattachment Scale (NAS) and Its Relationship with Mindfulness, Decentering, and Mental Health

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Nonattachment Scale (NAS) and Its Relationship with Mindfulness, Decentering, and Mental Health

Meditation Practice Is Associated with a Values-Oriented Life: the Mediating Role of Decentering and Mindfulness

Relationship between effortful control and facets of mindfulness in meditators, non‐meditators and individuals with borderline personality disorder

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